Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 37 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 37 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
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Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in ChildrenMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The family learns that a 3D ultrasound of a 9-week fetus shows incomplete fusion of the
nasomedial process. What is this defect commonly called?
a. Cleft lip
b. Nasal passage atresia
c. Esophageal atresia
d. Lack of dentition
ANS: A
Cleft lip, not nasal passage atresia, occurs when there is lack of or incomplete fusion of
the nasomedial or intermaxillary process. In esophageal atresia, the esophagus ends in a
blind pouch. Lack of dentition is not due to incomplete fusion of the processes.
REF: p. 950
2. What term is used to document the condition that exists when the esophagus ends in a
blind pouch?
a. Esophageal atresia
b. Tracheoesophageal stenosis
c. Esophagitis
d. Pyloric stenosis
ANS:
A
When the esophagus ends in a blind pouch, the condition is referred to as esophageal atresia;
the trachea is not involved. Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophagus. Pyloric stenosis is a
narrowing of the connection between the stomach and the duodenum.
REF: p. 951
3. Which condition should the nurse assess for in mothers carrying fetuses affected
by esophageal malformations?
a. Enlarged placentas
b. Excessive amniotic fluid
c. Short umbilical cords
d. Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
ANS: B
Polyhydramnios (excessive amniotic fluid) is reported to occur in mothers of affected infants
because of alterations in fetal swallowing. Esophageal malformations are not associated with
enlarged placentas, short umbilical cords, or vaginal discharge.
REF: p. 951
4. A 2-week-old infant vomits forcefully immediately after feeding for no apparent reason and is
frequently constipated. These signs support which diagnosis?
a. Pyloric stenosis
, b. Meconium ileus
c. Esophageal atresia
d. Galactosemia
ANS: A
Between 2 and 8 weeks after birth, an infant who has fed well and gained weight begins
forceful, nonbilious vomiting immediately after feeding. Constipation occurs because little
food reaches the intestine. The signs do not support a diagnosis of meconium ileus,
esophageal atresia, or galactosemia.
REF: p. 952
5. A sign that a newborn infant may have pyloric stenosis is:
a. diarrhea.
b. bile regurgitation.
c. olive-sized mass in the upper abdomen.
d. ascites with a fluid wave visible across the abdomen.
ANS: C
A firm, small, movable mass, approximately the size of an olive, is felt in the right upper
quadrant in 70-90% of infants with pyloric stenosis. Pyloric stenosis is not associated with
diarrhea, bile regurgitation, or ascites.
REF: p. 952
6. A 2-month-old female is brought to the emergency room (ER) for persistent bile-stained
vomiting after feeding. Physical examination reveals dehydration, and x-ray reveals gas
bubbles in the intestines. WhNUat isSRthe
NImo
T Gst liBke.lyCcaMuse of this condition?
a. Malrotation
b. Ileocecal displacement O
c. Pyloric stenosis
d. Meconium ileus
ANS: A
In infants, malrotation obstruction causes intermittent or persistent bile-stained vomiting after
feedings. Radiographic films of the abdomen and barium studies show intestinal gas bubbles
and distention proximal to the site of obstruction. This assessment data does not support a
diagnosis of ileocecal displacement. Pyloric stenosis is manifested by vomiting, but it is not
bile stained and the colon is not displaced. In meconium ileus, there is an intestinal
obstruction caused by meconium formed in utero.
REF: p. 953
7. Meconium ileus (MI) is associated with which of the following disorders?
a. Pyloric stenosis
b. Esophageal atresia
c. Cystic fibrosis
d. Esophagitis
ANS: C
Meconium ileus is associated with cystic fibrosis. Meconium ileus is not associated
with pyloric stenosis, esophageal atresias, or esophagitis.
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