Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 38 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 38 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
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Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal SystemMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which component of the bone matrix gives bone its tensile strength?
a. Calcium
b. Phosphate
c. Collagen
d. Magnesium
ANS: C
While calcium, phosphate, and magnesium all play a role in bone formation, collagen is
the component of bone matrix that gives bone tensile strength.
REF: p. 969, Table 38-1
2. Once their initial function is complete, what do osteoblasts become?
a. Osteoclasts
b. Osteocytes
c. Chondroblasts
d. Osteoids
ANS: B
Osteoblasts are the bone-forming cells. Their primary function is to lay down new bone.
Once this function is complete, osteoblasts become osteocytes. Osteoclasts reabsorb bone.
Chondroblasts are a part of mNaUtuRreSbIonNeG. OTsBte.oiCdsOaMre part of
nonmineralized bone matrix that the osteoblasts work on.
REF: p. 970
3. Hydroxyapatite found in bone matrix contains a combination of which molecules in
its crystalline structure?
a. Calcium and magnesium
b. Calcium and phosphate
c. Phosphate and magnesium
d. Magnesium and hydrogen
ANS: B
Calcium and phosphate form amorphous (fluid) calcium phosphate compounds that are
converted, in stages, to solid hexagonal crystals of hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite does not
contain magnesium or hydrogen.
REF: p. 972
4. What is the major difference between compact and spongy bone?
a. Organization of the structural elements
b. Location within the body
c. Activating chemicals in each
d. Types of minerals in the bone matrix
, ANS: A
The major difference between the two types of tissue is the organization of the elements.
The differences in location in the body, chemical activation, or types of minerals contained are
not as relevant.
REF: pp. 972-973
5. How do blood vessels penetrate into the inner structures of the bone?
a. Volkmann canals
b. Canaliculi
c. Sharpey fibers
d. Lamellae
ANS: A
The outer layer of the periosteum contains blood vessels and nerves, some of which penetrate
to the inner structures of the bone through channels called Volkmann canals. Canaliculi are
small channels or canals. Sharpey fibers also help hold or attach tendons and ligaments to the
periosteum of bones. Concentric layers of bone matrix are called lamellae.
REF: p. 973
6. After puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies, and the epiphysis and merge.
a. epiphyseal line
b. diaphyseal plate
c. metaphysis
d. articular cartilage
ANS:
C
After puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies, and the epiphysis and metaphysis merge. None
of the other options merges with the epiphysis after puberty.
REF: p. 974
7. Clusters of which type of bone cells are responsible for bone remodeling?
a. Trabeculae
b. Osteoclastic cutting cones
c. Basic multicellular units
d. Haversian system cells
ANS: C
Remodeling is carried out by clusters of bone cells termed basic multicellular units. The
basic multicellular units are made up of bone precursor cells that differentiate into
osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Trabeculae are plates found in spongy bone. The osteoclasts
form a “cutting cone,” which gradually resorbs bone, not remodels it. Haversian canals are
part of compact bone.
REF: pp. 974-975
8. When describing a freely movable joint, which term should be used?
a. Synarthrosis
b. Amphiarthrosis
c. Fibrous
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