Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 39 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 39 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal FunctionMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The incidence of fractures of the pelvis is highest in:
a. preadolescent boys.
b. adolescent boys.
c. adolescent girls.
d. older adults.
ANS: D
The incidence of fractures of the upper femur, upper humerus, vertebrae, and pelvis is highest
in older adults and is often associated with osteoporosis. Fractures of healthy bones,
particularly the tibia, clavicle, and lower humerus, tend to occur in young persons and without
gender preference.
REF: p. 991
2. A client is admitted to the hospital with a transverse fracture of the femur. Which
statement best describes this type of fracture?
a. The fracture line is parallel to the bone.
b. The fracture line is straight across the bone.
c. The fracture line is perpendicular to the bone.
d. The fracture line is vertical to the shaft of the bone.
ANS:
B
A transverse fracture occurs straight across the bone. Such a fracture would not occur either
perpendicularly or vertically in relationship to the bone. A linear fracture runs parallel to the
long axis of the bone.
REF: p. 991
3. A 70-year-old diagnosed with osteoporosis fell and fractures the left leg at a location
of pre-existing abnormality. Which term describes the fracture?
a. Fatigue
b. Stress
c. Pathologic
d. Greenstick
ANS: C
A pathologic fracture is a break at the site of a pre-existing abnormality, usually by force such
as a fall that would not fracture a normal bone. A fatigue fracture is caused by abnormal
stress or torque applied to a bone with normal ability to deform and recover. Stress fractures
occur
in normal or abnormal bone that is subjected to repeated stress, such as occurs during
athletics. A greenstick fracture perforates one cortex and splinters the spongy bone.
REF: p. 992
, 4. A 32-year-old obese male begins a jogging routine. A week after beginning, he fractures
his leg. This is referred to as a what type of fracture?
a. Comminuted
b. Greenstick
c. Fatigue
d. Compound
ANS: C
A fatigue fracture is caused by abnormal stress or torque applied to a bone that usually
occurs in individuals who engage in a new activity that is both strenuous and repetitive. A
comminuted fracture is one in which a bone breaks into two or more fragments. A greenstick
fracture perforates one cortex and splinters the spongy bone. A compound fracture is a
complete and incomplete fracture that breaks through the skin.
REF: p. 993
5. Transchondral fractures are most prevalent in:
a. adolescents.
b. older adults.
c. infants.
d. premenopausal females.
ANS: A
Transchondral fractures are most prevalent in adolescents. Such fractures are not
associated with older adults, infants, or premenopausal females.
REF: p. 993
6. A 35-year-old suffers a broken clavicle following a motor vehicle accident. X-ray reveals that
the bone surfaces in the joint partially lost contact with each other. This condition is called:
a. dislocation.
b. subluxation.
c. distortion.
d. nonunion.
ANS: B
Subluxation occurs when contact between the opposing joint surfaces of a fracture are
partially lost. Dislocation is the displacement of one or more bones in a joint in which the
opposing joint surfaces lose contact entirely. Distortion is not a term applicable to fracture
healing. Nonunion is failure of the bone ends to grow together.
REF: p. 994
7. What term is used to describe a torn ligament?
a. Sprain
b. Strain
c. Disunion
d. Subluxation
ANS: A
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