Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 09 Stress and Disease
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 09 Stress and Disease
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Chapter 09: Stress and DiseaseMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A female student is driving to school when another driver nearly hits her. Her heart begins
beating harder and faster as she becomes aroused and scared. Which of the following stages of
the general adaptation syndrome is she experiencing?
a. Alarm stage
b. Stage of resistance
c. Adaptation
d. Exhaustion
ANS: A
The alarm stage, the initial reaction, is manifested by arousal of the body’s defenses that
prepare the body to fight or flee from threat. This stage involves the secretion of hormones
and catecholamines to support physiologic/metabolic activity and boosts the immune system
to thwart infection. The stage of resistance/adaptation is the second step as the body attempts
to sustain the challenge. Exhaustion marks the breakdown of compensatory mechanisms,
when the response can no longer be sustained.
REF: pp. 214-215
2. Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and is not successful.
a. flight or fight response
b. alarm
c. adaptation
d. arousal
ANS: C
Exhaustion occurs if adaptation is not successful. The alarm stage is the emergency reaction
that prepares the body to fight or flee from threat. Arousal occurs as the stress is
recognized.
REF: p. 215
3. A student arrives at school to find that he/she has an exam for which he/she is unprepared.
Which physiological response would be expected?
a. Decreased lipolysis
b. Bronchoconstriction
c. Decreased cortisol release
d. Increased glucagon release
ANS: D
The student would experience increased glucagon release to supply the increased glucose
requirements. Increased lipolysis and bronchodilation would occur, not constriction. The
student would experience increased cortisol release.
REF: p. 219, Table 9-2
, 4. A 10-year-old female is arriving at a national spelling bee contest. Her heart starts
beating faster and harder, and she begins to sweat. Which of the following is she
experiencing?
a. Anticipatory response
b. Homeostasis
c. Reactive response
d. Exhaustion stage
ANS: A
Anticipation of experiencing these events produces a physiologic stress response.
Homeostasis is a steady-state. Reactive response occurs following a stressful event.
Exhaustion stage is the final stage of the stressful response, when the body can no longer
sustain the response.
REF: p. 215
5. Which of the following hormones enhances myocardial contractility?
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Epinephrine
d. Somatotropin
ANS: C
Epinephrine enhances myocardial contractility. Oxytocin activates receptors in the
uterus. Prolactin does not activate adrenergic receptors. Somatotropin activates protein
and carbohydrate metabolism.
REF: p. 221
6. A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla. He
experiences elevated blood pressure and increased anxiety. Which of the following hormones
is the predominant one released by the tumor?
a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Acetylcholine
c. Norepinephrine
d. Cortisol
ANS: C
Norepinephrine regulates blood pressure and promotes arousal, increased vigilance, increased
anxiety, and other protective emotional responses. Antidiuretic hormone regulates urine
output. Acetylcholine will not result in an increase in blood pressure. Cortisol regulates
glucocorticoids.
REF: p. 221
7. Stress induces sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla. This causes the secretion
of catecholamines, which include:
a. epinephrine and aldosterone.
b. norepinephrine and cortisol.
c. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
d. cortisol and aldosterone.
ANS: C
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