Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 02 Genes and Genetic Diseases
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 02 Genes and Genetic Diseases
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Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic DiseasesMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse recalls the basic components of DNA are:
a. pentose sugars and four phosphate bases.
b. a phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases.
c. adenine, guanine, and purine.
d. codons, oxygen, and cytosine.
ANS: B
The three basic components of DNA are deoxyribose; a phosphate molecule; and four types
of nitrogenous, not phosphate, bases. DNA does not contain condone.
REF: p. 38
2. Which of the following mutations have the most significant effect on protein synthesis?
a. Base pair substitutions
b. Silent mutations
c. Intron mutations
d. Frameshift mutations
ANS: D
The frameshift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of one or more base pairs of the
DNA molecule. This greatly alters the amino acid sequence, which affects protein synthesis.
The base pair substitution is Na tUypReSoIf NmGutTatBio.n CinOwMhich one base
pair replaces another. Silent mutations do not change amino acids or protein synthesis. Intron
mutations are part of RNA
sequencing.
REF: p. 39
3. The base components of DNA are:
a. A, G, C, and U.
b. P, G, C, and T.
c. A, G, C, and T.
d. X, XX, XY, and YY.
ANS: C
The four base components of DNA are cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine, and are
commonly represented by their first letters (A, C, T, and G) and not components identified as
P or U. X, XX, XY, and YY are components of human chromosomes.
REF: p. 38
4. A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGAT. Which of the following would be
a complementary strand?
a. CGATACGT
b. TAGCCTAG
c. TUGCCTUG
, d. UAGCCUAG
ANS: B
The consistent pairing of adenine with thymine and of guanine with cytosine is known as
complementary base pairing; thus, A complements to T and C to G and vice versa throughout
the strand. A complements to T; thus, the first letter must be a T. U does not represent a
complement in the sequence.
REF: p. 39
5. A biologist is explaining how RNA directs the synthesis of protein. Which process is
the biologist describing?
a. Termination
b. Transcription
c. Translocation
d. Translation
ANS: D
In translation, RNA directs the synthesis of a polypeptide, interacting with transfer RNA
(tRNA), a cloverleaf-shaped strand of about 80 nucleotides. Termination does not involve
synthesis of protein. Transcription is the process by which DNA specifies a sequence of
messenger RNA (mRNA). Translocation is the interchange of genetic material between
nonhomologous chromosomes.
REF: p. 41
6. What is the result of homologous chromosomes failing to separate during meiosis?
a. Neurofibromatosis
b. Nondisjunction
c. Polyploidy
d. Conjoined twins
ANS: B
Nondisjunction is an error in which homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to
separate normally during meiosis or mitosis. Neurofibromatosis is not due to chromosome
failure during meiosis. Polyploidy occurs when a euploid cell has more than the diploid
number of chromosomes. Conjoined twins are not due to chromosome failure during
meiosis.
REF: p. 45
7. A cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called a cell.
a. diploid
b. euploid
c. polyploid
d. haploid
ANS: C
A polyploid cell is one in which a euploid cell has more than 23 pairs of chromosomes. A
diploid cell is when the somatic cell nucleus has 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs. A euploid cell
is a cell with multiples of the normal number of chromosomes. A haploid cell has only one
member of each chromosome pair, for a total of 23 chromosomes.
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