Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 11 Cancer Epidemiology
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 11 Cancer Epidemiology
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Chapter 11: Cancer EpidemiologyMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The most important environmental risk factor for cancer is exposure to:
a. ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
b. radon.
c. estrogen.
d. cigarette smoke.
ANS: D
UV radiation is an important risk factor as are radon and estrogen exposure, but
cigarette smoking remains the most important cause of cancer.
REF: p. 274
2. When an oncologist is discussing the degree to which an organism’s development is
contingent on its environment, which of the following is the oncologist explaining?
a. Transgenerational inheritance
b. Epigenetics
c. Histone modification
d. Developmental plasticity
ANS: D
Developmental plasticity is the degree to which an organism’s development is contingent on
its environment. TransgeneraNtiUonRalSiInhNerGitTanBc.e iCsOthMe heritable
transmission to future generations of environmentally caused phenotypes. Epigenetics is the
role of genes in development and disease. Histone modifications are changes in genetic
acetylation.
REF: p. 272
3. Chromosome aberrations and mutations in cells that were not directly irradiated are referred
to as:
a. bystander effects.
b. lethal mutation.
c. delayed reproductive death.
d. genetic instability.
ANS: A
The directly irradiated cells can lead to genetic effects in the so-called bystander cells or
innocent cells. This is termed bystander effects. Lethal mutation and delayed reproductive
death are similar phenomenons and are not related to bystander effects. Genetic instability is
related to chromosomal instability.
REF: p. 286
4. A patient develops skin cancer on the head and neck following years of sunbathing. Which of
the following cancers is most likely?
a. Lymphoma
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