Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry- Chapter 4 Key Terms Exam Questions Answered Correctly!! (Rated A+)
conformation - Answers A spatial arrangement of substituent groups that are free to assume different positions in space, without breaking any bonds, because of the freedom of bond rotation.
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conformation - Answers A spatial arrangement of substituent groups that are free to assume different
positions in space, without breaking any bonds, because of the freedom of bond rotation.
native conformation - Answers The biologically active conformation of a macromolecule.
hydrophobic effect - Answers The aggregation of nonpolar molecules in aqueous solution, excluding
water molecules; caused largely by an entropic effect related to the hydrogen-bonding structure of the
surrounding water.
solvation layer - Answers The solvent interface of any chemical compound or biomolecule that
constitutes the solute.
peptide group - Answers An amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino
acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another
along a peptide or protein chain.
Ramachandran plot - Answers A way to visualize energetically allowed regions for backbone dihedral
angles ψ against φ of amino acid residues in protein structure.
secondary structure - Answers The local spatial arrangement of the main-chain atoms in a segment of a
polymer (polypeptide or polynucleotide) chain.
α helix - Answers A helical conformation of a polypeptide chain, usually right-handed, with maximal
intrachain hydrogen bonding; one of the most common secondary structures in proteins.
β conformation - Answers An extended, zigzag arrangement of a polypeptide chain; a common
secondary structure in proteins.
β sheet - Answers Consists of beta strands (also β-strand) connected laterally by at least two or three
backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheets.
β turn - Answers A type of protein secondary structure consisting of four amino acid residues arranged
in a tight turn so that the polypeptide turns back on itself.
circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy - Answers A method used to characterize the degree of folding in a
protein, based on differences in the absorption of right-handed versus left-handed circularly polarized
light.
tertiary structure - Answers The three-dimensional conformation of a polymer in its native, folded state.
quaternary structure - Answers The three-dimensional structure of a multisubunit protein, particularly
the manner in which the subunits fit together.
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