Cognitive Psychology- Chapter 13 Exam Questions and Correct Solutions Latest Update (Graded A+)
1. If you are given the information that in order to vote in a presidential election, you must be at least 18 years of age, and that Will voted in the last presidential election, you can logically co...
1. If you are given the information that in order to vote in a presidential election, you must be at least 18
years of age, and that Will voted in the last presidential election, you can logically conclude that Will is at
least 18 years old. This is an example of using _____ reasoning.
A. inductive
B. deductive
C. conjunctive
D. descriptive - Answers B. deductive
2. Making probable conclusions based on evidence involves _____ reasoning.
A. deductive
B. syllogistic
C. inductive
D. connective - Answers C. inductive
3. An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms. Two premises and a
conclusion are presented as stimuli, and participants are asked to indicate (yes or no) if the conclusion
logically follows from the premises. Error rates are then calculated for each syllogism. This experiment
studies _____ reasoning.
A. deductive
B. intuitive
C. falsification
D. inductive - Answers A. deductive
17. Mr. Huff always passes back exams to his algebra class in descending order (the highest grade is
handed out first). Today, Maddelyn was the first to receive her exam. Joy complained, remarking,
"Maddelyn, you always get the highest grade in algebra. It was true all last year and so far this year."
Maddelyn was not sure if this was correct. To figure out if this was true, Maddelyn should
A. search her memory for instances when she did get her exam back first and for instances when she did
not.
, B. search her memory for instances when she did not get her exam back first.
C. search her memory for instances when she did get her exam back first.
D. wait until the next exam is passed back to see if she gets hers back first. - Answers A. search her
memory for instances when she did get her exam back first and for instances when she did not.
18. According to your text, the key to solving the Wason four-card problem is
A. a mental model.
B. a categorical syllogism.
C. the law of large numbers.
D. the falsification principle. - Answers D. the falsification principle.
19. One reason that most people do not easily solve the original (abstract) version of the Wason four-
card problem is that they
A. ignore the falsification principle.
B. are influenced by the atmosphere effect.
C. confuse the ideas of validity and truth.
D. incorrectly apply the permission schema. - Answers A. ignore the falsification principle.
20. The rule of the Wason four-card problem is, "If there is a vowel on one side, then there is an even
number on the other side." Let's say you are presented with A, 8, M, and 13, each showing on one of
four cards. To see if the rule is valid, you would have to turn over the cards showing
A. 8 and M.
B. A and M.
C. A and 13.
D. 8 and 13. - Answers C. A and 13.
21. When the "abstract" version of the Wason four-card problem is compared to a "concrete" version of
the problem (in which beer, soda, and ages are substituted for the letters and numbers),
A. performance is better for the concrete task.
B. performance is better for the abstract task.
C. performance is the same for both tasks.
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