Test Bank - Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care 9e 1
Table of Contents
Table of Contents 1
Chapter 01: Overview of Professional Nursing Concepts for Medical-Surgical Nursing 3
Chapter 02: Overview of Health Concepts for Medical-Surgical Nursing 8
Chapter 03: Common Health Problems of Older Adults 13
Chapter 04: Assessment and Care of Patients with Pain 20
Chapter 05: Genetic Concepts for Medical-Surgical Nursing 32
Chapter 06: Rehabilitation Concepts for Chronic and Disabling Health Problems 38
Chapter 07: End-of-Life Care 44
Chapter 08: Concepts of Emergency and Trauma Nursing 50
Chapter 09: Care of Patients with Common Environmental Emergencies 56
Chapter 10: Concepts of Emergency and Disaster Preparedness 62
Chapter 11: Assessment and Care of Patients with Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances 68
Chapter 12: Assessment and Care of Patients with Acid-Base Imbalances 76
Chapter 13: Infusion Therapy 83
Chapter 14: Care of Preoperative Patients 94
Chapter 15: Care of Intraoperative Patients 103
Chapter 16: Care of Postoperative Patients 109
Chapter 17: Inflammation and Immunity 116
Chapter 18: Care of Patients with Arthritis and Other Connective Tissue Diseases 122
Chapter 19: Care of Patients with HIV Disease 138
Chapter 20: Care of Patients with Hypersensitivity (Allergy) and Autoimmunity 147
Chapter 21: Cancer Development 152
Chapter 22: Care of Patients with Cancer 157
Chapter 23: Care of Patients with Infection 167
Chapter 24: Assessment of the Skin, Hair, and Nails 174
Chapter 25: Care of Patients with Skin Problems 179
Chapter 26: Care of Patients with Burns 196
Chapter 27: Assessment of the Respiratory System 213
Chapter 28: Care of Patients Requiring Oxygen Therapy or Tracheostomy 220
Chapter 29: Care of Patients with Noninfectious Upper Respiratory Problems 226
Chapter 30: Care of Patients with Noninfectious Lower Respiratory Problems 233
Chapter 31: Care of Patients with Infectious Respiratory Problems 245
Chapter 32: Care of Critically Ill Patients with Respiratory Problems 256
Chapter 33: Assessment of the Cardiovascular System 269
Chapter 34: Care of Patients with Dysrhythmias 278
Chapter 35: Care of Patients with Cardiac Problems 287
Chapter 36: Care of Patients with Vascular Problems 298
Chapter 37: Care of Patients with Shock 310
Chapter 38: Care of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes 317
Chapter 39: Assessment of the Hematologic System 327
Chapter 40: Care of Patients with Hematologic Problems 331
Chapter 41: Assessment of the Nervous System 343
Chapter 42: Care of Patients with Problems of the CNS: The Brain 353
Chapter 43: Care of Patients with Problems of the CNS: The Spinal Cord 364
Chapter 44: Care of Patients with Problems of the Peripheral Nervous System 374
Chapter 45: Care of Critically Ill Patients with Neurologic Problems 380
Chapter 46: Assessment of the Eye and Vision 394
Chapter 47: Care of Patients with Eye and Vision Problems 397
Chapter 48: Assessment and Care of Patients with Ear and Hearing Problems 403
Chapter 49: Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System 410
Chapter 50: Care of Patients with Musculoskeletal Problems 415
,Test Bank - Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care 9e 2
Chapter 51: Care of Patients with Musculoskeletal Trauma 424
Chapter 52: Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System 435
Chapter 53: Care of Patients with Oral Cavity Problems 441
Chapter 54: Care of Patients with Esophageal Problems 445
Chapter 55: Care of Patients with Stomach Disorders 454
Chapter 56: Care of Patients with Noninflammatory Intestinal Disorders 461
Chapter 57: Care of Patients with Inflammatory Intestinal Disorders 471
Chapter 58: Care of Patients with Liver Problems 481
Chapter 59: Care of Patients with Problems of the Biliary System and Pancreas 489
Chapter 60: Care of Patients with Malnutrition: Undernutrition and Obesity 497
Chapter 61: Assessment of the Endocrine System 506
Chapter 62: Care of Patients with Pituitary and Adrenal Gland Problems 512
Chapter 63: Care of Patients with Problems of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 520
Chapter 64: Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 527
Chapter 65: Assessment of the Renal/Urinary System 549
Chapter 66: Care of Patients with Urinary Problems 557
Chapter 67: Care of Patients with Kidney Disorders 568
Chapter 68: Care of Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease 575
Chapter 69: Assessment of the Reproductive System 587
Chapter 70: Care of Patients with Breast Disorders 591
Chapter 71: Care of Patients with Gynecologic Problems 598
Chapter 72: Care of Patients with Male Reproductive Problems 605
Chapter 73: Care of Transgender Patients 614
Chapter 74: Care of Patients with Sexually Transmitted Diseases 618
,Test Bank - Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care 9e 3
Chapter 01: Overview of Professional Nursing Concepts for Medical-
Surgical Nursing
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse wishes to provide client-centered care in all interactions. Which action by the nurse best
demonstrates this concept?
a. Assesses for cultural influences affecting health care
b. Ensures that all the clients basic needs are met
c. Tells the client and family about all upcoming tests
d. Thoroughly orients the client and family to the room
ANS: A
Competency in client-focused care is demonstrated when the nurse focuses on communication, culture, respect
compassion, client education, and empowerment. By assessing the effect of the clients culture on health care,
this nurse is practicing client-focused care. Providing for basic needs does not demonstrate this competence.
Simply telling the client about all upcoming tests is not providing empowering education. Orienting the client
and family to the room is an important safety measure, but not directly related to demonstrating client-centered
care.
DIF: Understanding/Comprehension REF: 3
KEY: Patient-centered care| culture MSC: Integrated Process: Caring
NOT: Client Needs Category: Psychosocial Integrity
taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership structure
and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a
single individual, this is the simplest form of business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C),
which simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals,
partnerships do not pay federal income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners'
individual rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.-
**Corporations**: - Corporations are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners (shareholders). C-
Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed. S-
Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-through entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability
Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed
as a sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity
TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed
at the owner’s individual tax rate. All profits and losses are reported on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to
significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss
deductions. Partners are also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly impact tax liability.-
**Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-
Corporations avoid double taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**:
- By default, single-member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships.
However, they can elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome recognition is a
fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose
between cash and accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward.
Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate
cash flow management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary
Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the
business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as
meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible). Understanding these limits is vital for effective tax
planning.#### 3. Tax CreditsTax credits directly reduce the tax liability, providing a dollar-for-dollar reduction of taxes owed.- **Types of Tax
Credits**: - Examples include the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit, which encourages innovation, and the Work Opportunity Tax
Credit (WOTC) for hiring individuals from certain target groups.### Specific Business Entity Taxation#### 1. PartnershipsPartnerships are a
popular choice for many businesses due to their flexible structure.- **Pass-Through Taxation**: - Income is reported on individual partners’
returns, preventing double taxation. However, partners must pay self-employment taxes on their earnings.- **Distributions and Basis**: - When
a partner receives a distribution, it is generally tax-free to the extent of their basis in the partnership. Understanding how basis is calculated is
critical for accurate tax reporting.#### 2. CorporationsCorporate taxation can be complex due to double taxation and various regulations.- **C-
Corporations**: - Taxed at the corporate rate, profits are taxed at the entity level,
2. A nurse is caring for a postoperative client on the surgical unit. The clients blood pressure was 142/76 mm
Hg 30 minutes ago, and now is 88/50 mm Hg. What action by the nurse is best?
a. Call the Rapid Response Team.
b. Document and continue to monitor.
c. Notify the primary care provider.
d. Repeat blood pressure measurement in 15 minutes.
ANS: A
The purpose of the Rapid Response Team (RRT) is to intervene when clients are deteriorating before they
suffer either respiratory or cardiac arrest. Since the client has manifested a significant change, the nurse should
call the RRT. Changes in blood pressure, mental status, heart rate, and pain are particularly significant.
Documentation is vital, but the nurse must do more than document. The primary care provider should be
notified, but this is not the priority over calling the RRT. The clients blood pressure should be reassessed
frequently, but the priority is getting the rapid care to the client.
DIF: Applying/Application REF: 3
KEY: Rapid Response Team (RRT)| medical emergencies
MSC: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation
NOT: Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
, Test Bank - Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care 9e 4
3. A nurse is orienting a new client and family to the inpatient unit. What information does the nurse provide to
help the client promote his or her own safety?
a. Encourage the client and family to be active partners.
b. Have the client monitor hand hygiene in caregivers.
c. Offer the family the opportunity to stay with the client.
d. Tell the client to always wear his or her armband.
ANS: A
Each action could be important for the client or family to perform. However, encouraging the client to be
active in his or her health care as a partner is the most critical. The other actions are very limited in scope and
do not provide the broad protection that being active and involved does.
DIF: Understanding/Comprehension REF: 3
KEY: Patient safety
taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and
benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which simplifies tax filing but also means personal
liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual
rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners
(shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-through entities but have restrictions on
ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietorship, partnership,
or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed at the
owner’s individual tax rate. All profits and losses are reported on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their
personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate
(currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-member
LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome
recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when received
and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate cash flow management.#### 2.
DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate
for the business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible).
Understanding these limits is vital for effective tax planning.#### 3. Tax CreditsTax credits directly reduce the tax liability, providing a dollar-for-dollar reduction of taxes owed.- **Types of Tax Credits**: - Examples include the Research and
Development (R&D) tax credit, which encourages innovation, and the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) for hiring individuals from certain target groups.### Specific Business Entity Taxation#### 1. PartnershipsPartnerships are a popular
choice for many businesses due to their flexible structure.- **Pass-Through Taxation**: - Income is reported on individual partners’ returns, preventing double taxation. However, partners must pay self-employment taxes on their earnings.-
**Distributions and Basis**: - When a partner receives a distribution, it is generally tax-free to the extent of their basis in the partnership. Understanding how basis is calculated is critical for accurate tax reporting.#### 2. CorporationsCorporate
taxation can be complex due to double taxation and various regulations.- **C-Corporations**: - Taxed at the corporate rate, profits are taxed at the entity level,
MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
4. A new nurse is working with a preceptor on an inpatient medical-surgical unit. The preceptor advises the
student that which is the priority when working as a professional nurse?
a. Attending to holistic client needs
b. Ensuring client safety
c. Not making medication errors
d. Providing client-focused care
ANS: B
All actions are appropriate for the professional nurse. However, ensuring client safety is the priority. Up to
98,000 deaths result each year from errors in hospital care, according to the 2000 Institute of Medicine report.
Many more clients have suffered injuries and less serious outcomes. Every nurse has the responsibility to
guard the clients safety.
DIF: Understanding/Comprehension REF: 2
KEY: Patient safety
MSC: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Intervention
NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
5. A client is going to be admitted for a scheduled surgical procedure. Which action does the nurse explain is
the most important thing the client can do to protect against errors?
a. Bring a list of all medications and what they are for.
b. Keep the doctors phone number by the telephone.
c. Make sure all providers wash hands before entering the room.
d. Write down the name of each caregiver who comes in the room.
ANS: A
Medication errors are the most common type of health care mistake. The Joint Commissions Speak Up
campaign encourages clients to help ensure their safety. One recommendation is for clients to know all their
medications and why they take them. This will help prevent medication errors.
DIF: Applying/Application REF: 4
KEY: Speak Up campaign| patient safety MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
NOT: Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
6. Which action by the nurse working with a client best demonstrates respect for autonomy?
