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Queen's SOCY 122 Fall Final Exam (Questions + Answers) Solved
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Socialization on the Human Brain - ️️Through interactions with family, education, media, and peers, individuals develop a sense of self, including the appropriate ways to interact with each other. FOUR ways socialization impacts interaction skills: - ️️1. Communication skills 2. Social ...

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  • December 4, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Queen's SOCY 122 Fall Final Exam
Socialization on the Human Brain - ✔️✔️Through interactions with family, education,
media, and peers, individuals develop a sense of self, including the appropriate ways to
interact with each other.

FOUR ways socialization impacts interaction skills: - ✔️✔️1. Communication skills
2. Social cues
3. Appropriate behaviour
4. Cultural norms

The Nature vs. Nurture Debate: Francis Galton - ✔️✔️Socialization Process: Heredity
(Nature) + Environment (Nurture). Nature refers to how genetics influence an
individual's personality, whereas nurture refers to how their environment (including
relationships and experiences) impacts their development.

"Nature" - ✔️✔️Includes the genes we are born with and other hereditary factors that
can impact how our personality is formed.

"Nurture" - ✔️✔️Encompasses the environmental factors that impact who we are. This
includes our early childhood experiences, how we were raised, our social relationships,
and the surrounding culture.

Poverty is multidimensional - What TWO terms are used to separate poverty as a
concept? - ✔️✔️ABSOLUTE: The lack of resources that leads to hunger and physical
deprivation.

RELATIVE: A deficiency in material and economic resources compared to another
person or population. The condition of having much less income than the average
person in society, even if one can afford the necessities of life
Cultural Universals - ✔️✔️A common practice or belief shared by all societies in some
capacity. This includes patterns, traits, or elements that can be found in some form
across all human societies.

Cultural Relativism: - ✔️✔️The act of viewing others' behaviour from the perspective of
one's own culture. The idea that all cultural beliefs, values, and practices should be
understood in the context of one's own cultural setting.

Ethnocentrism - ✔️✔️The tendency of individuals or groups to use their own cultural
norms, values, and beliefs as a standard for evaluating the customs, practices, and
behaviors of people from other cultures. Act of assuming that one's own culture and way
of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. Example: Euro-centrisim

, Key Features of Ethnocentrism - ✔️✔️1. Cultural Bias
2. Lack of Awareness/Understanding for Other Cultures
3. Ingroup/Outgroup Dynamics
4. Stereotyping
5. Cultural Superiority
6. Conflict and Prejudice

Code-Switching - ✔️✔️Code switching involves adjusting one's style of speech,
appearance, behaviour, and expression in ways that will optimize the comfort of others
in exchange for fair treatment, quality service, employent opportunities, etc.

Haugen 1954 is known for developing what concept? - ✔️✔️Code-Switching

Five types of Interaction Rituals - ✔️✔️1. Presentation rituals
2. Avoidance rituals
3. Maintenance rituals
4. Ratification rituals
5. Access rituals

Dramaturgy (Front & Back Stage Self) - ✔️✔️Front Stage: An idealized display
whenever outsiders are present (this is where you engage in impression management)

Back Stage - Who you are when relaxed in guarded secrecy (Solitude); your true self.

Impression Management - ✔️✔️Altering the presentation of yourself as the idealized
version (Element of Dramaturgy)

Socialization - ✔️✔️Socialization refers to the lifelong process whereby we learn:
attitudes, values, and behaviours.


Cultural Determinism - ✔️✔️The view that the nature of a society is shaped primarily by
the ideas and values of the people living in it.

Cultural Division of Labor - ✔️✔️A situation in which a person's place in the
occupational world is determined by his or her cultural markers (I.e. ethnicity).

Cultural Imposition - ✔️✔️The forcing of members of one culture to adopt the practices
of another culture.

Cultural Lag - ✔️✔️The time difference between the introduction of material
innovations and resulting changes in cultural practices.

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