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BIO-344 Exam 5 Questions answers latest update
- Course
- Bio 344
- Institution
- University Of Texas - Austin
BIO-344 Exam 5 Questions answers latest update
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BIO-344 Exam 5Cell cycle is - The cell's way to grow and divide to make new cells
Cell cycle contains - Interphase
Interphase consists of - G1, S, and G2 and Mitosis
Mitosis (in cell cycle) - The M phase
Two distinct divisions that occur during M phase - Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Mitosis - nuclear DNA of cell condenses to visible chromosomes and are pulled
apart by mitotic spindle.
4 stages of mitosis - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Mitotic spindle - An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is
involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis.
Cytokinesis - the cytoplasm is split in two, making two new cells
,Cytokinesis begins when? - Just as mitosis is ending. actin ring cleaves the two
halves
Prophase - Chromosomes begin to condense, mitotic spindle begins to form,
nucleus will break down because area that makes ribosomes has disappeared,
and spindles will begin attaching to chromosomes.
Metaphase - Spindle has captured all the chromosomes and has lines them up in
the middle (metaphase plate), kinetochores are attached to microtubules from
opposite sides.
Metaphase plate - An imaginary plane during metaphase in which the
centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located midway between the
two poles
Kinetochores - Anchor on the Sister Chromatid that attaches to the fiber that pulls
the sister chromatids apart.
Anaphase - Cohesion is broken down so that the sister chromatids are allowed to
pull apart. Each is now its own chromosome and is pulled to opposite ends of the
cell. Extra microtubules push poles apart.
Telophase - cell begins to re-establish its normal structures, mitotic spindles are
broken down, two new nuclei form for each set of chromosomes, chromosomes
return to string form.
, G1 Phase - the cell grows physically larger, copies organelles, and makes the
molecular building blocks it will need in later steps
S phase - Cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus. Also
duplicated the centrosome so they will be available during M phase.
G2 phase - cell is continuously growing, makes proteins and organelles, begins to
recognize its contents for cell mitosis.
M phase - Cell divides its copied DNA and cytoplasm to make two new cells. This
involves both mitosis and cytokinesis.
Cyclin dependent kinases (Cdk) - Catalytic subunits that are always present in the
cell that are a part of the cell cycle. Different complexes become activated during
different phases in the cell
Role of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdk) - signals the cell that it is ready to pass into
the next stage of the cell cycle. Dependent on cyclins and phosphorylate other
proteins.
What are cyclins? - Family of regulatory proteins that control the progression of
the cell cycle.
What does cyclin do? - Activate the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk), which control
cell cycle processes through phosphorylation.
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