KNH 188 Quiz 3 Exam Questions Correct Answers New Update (A+ Pass)
Relationships between PA and PF and morbidity/mortality from CHD was not understood/ recognized scientifically until - Answers - late 1940's early 1950's
Dr. Jeremy Morris formulated the hypothesis - Answers - "men in physical...
KNH 188 Quiz 3 Exam Questions Correct
Answers New Update (A+ Pass)
Relationships between PA and PF and morbidity/mortality from CHD was not
understood/ recognized scientifically until - Answers -✔✔ late 1940's early 1950's
Dr. Jeremy Morris formulated the hypothesis - Answers -✔✔ "men in physically active
jobs suffer less CHD than comparable men in sedentary jobs"
-public health community was skeptical of this hypothesis
Dr. Jeremy Morris first study 1953 London - Answers -✔✔ London Bus Study- showed
active bus conductors were at lower risk of CHD than bus drivers, later results were
soon after reported for postmen delivering mail on foot compared to sedentary desk
clerks
Framingham Heart Study (ongoing) - Answers -✔✔ study of entire community of
Framingham, MA began in 1948 in an effort to determine which factors were related to
the development of CHD
-1960,1961 the first results were published that showed cigarette smoking, cholesterol,
and high blood pressure were risk factors for CHD
-1967 data from this study were published that showed a link between physical activity
and reduced risk of CHD
Tecumseh Community Health Study (1957) - Answers -✔✔ entire community of
Tecumseh Michigan to determine biological, physical, social, and environmental factors
related to how some people maintained good health while others are more susceptible
to disease
-Dr. Henry Montoye took over 2nd and 3rd phases of this project and added measures
of physical fitness
~submaximal step test was used to estimate aerobic fitness
~later maximal treadmill test was used to measure aerobic fitness
San Francisco Longshoremen and College Alumni Study - Answers -✔✔ Dr. Ralph
Paffenbarger directed this work, these large studies showed that
1. people who were more physically active in leisure and occupation exhibited reduced
risk for CHD mortality and morbidity- they quantified physical activity (kcal expenditure)
2. people who remained physically active years past college were the only ones to
benefit from leading a physically active lifestyle
- this work (60's and 70's) raised awareness of roles of PA in health promotional and
disease prevention -> from a public health perspective
Aerobic's Center Longitudinal Study - Answers -✔✔ ongoing study of physical activity,
fitness, diet, and other lifestyle factors have on mortality and chronic disease
-largest study ever to use an objective measure of physical fitness
, Directed by Doctor Steven Blair
this ongoing study has generated more than 100 published studies of fitness and
lowered risk of mortality, CVD, cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, depression, and
metabolic syndrome
Aerobic's Center Longitudinal Study - Answers -✔✔ prospective observational study of
physical activity, physical fitness, and health outcomes among men and women
~10,000 men and 3,000 women were followed for 8 years for all-cause mortality in
relation to initial level (quintiles) of cardiorespiratory fitness
Harvard Alumni Study - Answers -✔✔ prospective observational study of approx
17,000 men who attended Harvard University between 1916 and 1950
the higher the fitness quintile - Answers -✔✔ the lower relative risk of mortality; higher
physical activity index (burn more Kcal/ week), realties e risk of mortality is lower
Fitness levels versus mortality - Answers -✔✔ greater improvements in fitness yield a
slightly lower risk for premature death, largest drop is between the low fit and moderate
fit groups
Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General - Answers -✔✔
Historical Benchmark: outlines the consensus (100 scientific experts) of the scientific
community about the beneficial effects of physical activity on
-overall mortality, CVD, cancer, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, obesity,
mental heath, and health related quality of life
1996 Surgeon General's Report - Answers -✔✔ -poor health because of lack of
physical activity is a serious public health problem
-more than 60% of adults do not achieve recommended amount physical activity
-25% are not physically active at all
-almost half of all people between 12 and 21 years of age are not vigorously active on a
regular basis
-physical inactivity is more prevalent in
*women than men
*African Americans and Hispanic Americans than Whites
*older than younger adults
* less affluent people than more affluent people
*less educated than more educated adults
2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans - Answers -✔✔ -first ever PA
guidelines issued by the federal government (Dept. of Health and Human Services;
serves similar purpose to Dietary Guidelines for Americans)
-describes types and amounts of PA that offer health benefits, based on summation of
published literature since Surgeon General Report of PA and health -> evidence based
-targets specific population subgroups-> seniors, children, persons with disabilities
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