Which vitamin targets renal epithelial cells in the kidneys Right Ans -
vitamin D
Where is the parathyroid hormone produced Right Ans - parathyroid
glands
Does PTH target bones? Right Ans - Yes
Which of the following is an effect of magnesium on parathyroid hormone
(PTH) Right Ans - stimulates PTH secretion
What is the action of PTH on phosphate in the kidneys? Right Ans -
decreases phosphate resorption in kidneys
In the liver Vitamin D3 is hydroxylated to form Right Ans - calcidiol (25-
hydroxycholecalciferol)
Which hormone stimulates the activity of 1-alpha-hydroxylase in the kidneys
Right Ans - parathyroid hormone
What effect does calcitriol have on calcium absorption in the intestines
Right Ans - enhances calcium absorption from intestines
What effect does PTH have on osteoblasts? Right Ans - stimulates RANKL
expression in osteoblasts
How does vitamin D affect osteoblasts in relation to PTH Right Ans -
vitamin D sensitizes osteoblasts to PTH affects
Which of the following is a common cause of hypercalcemia?
A) Hypoparathyroidism
B) Vitamin D toxicity
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Magnesium deficiency Right Ans - Vitamin D toxicity
16. What is a clinical sign of severe hypocalcemia?
A) Polyuria
, B) Tetany
C) Osteomalacia
D) Bone resorption Right Ans - Tetany
3. Which condition is commonly associated with hypocalcemia in animals?
A) Primary hyperparathyroidism
B) Eclampsia in bitches
C) Vitamin D toxicity
D) Hyperphosphatemia Right Ans - B
5. Which condition can cause hyperphosphatemia?
A) Milk fever in ruminants
B) Renal secondary hyperparathyroidism
C) Osteomalacia
D) Magnesium deficiency Right Ans - B
7. What is a primary cause of hypomagnesemia in animals?
A) Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy
B) Magnesium deficiency (grass tetany)
C) Osteoporosis
D) Vitamin D deficiency Right Ans - B
Which of the following is a common clinical sign of hypomagnesemia?
A) Constipation
B) Hyperexcitability and muscle twitching
C) Osteomalacia
D) Polyuria Right Ans - B
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hypercalcemia?
A) Parathyroid adenoma
B) Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy
C) Vitamin D toxicity
D) Hypoparathyroidism Right Ans - D
True or False: Osteoporosis is not common in domestic animals due to
continuous sex hormone production Right Ans - True
which brain region is critical for regulation of respiration Right Ans -
medulla
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