Advanced Health Assessment Midterm| exam set questions and answers verified 100%

Advanced Health Assessment Midterm| exam set questions and answers verified 100%Advanced Health Assessment Midterm| exam set questions and answers verified 100% Risk factors cardiovascular disease (5) - correct answer-HTN, hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity, family history What conditions would you see an abnormal fundoscopic exam? Name 4 - correct answer-HTN, diabetes, increased ICP Describe carotid pulse/auscultation findings - correct answer-Vigorous upstroke, level of pulsations not changed by position or respiration Describe internal jugular pulse/auscultation findings - correct answer-Rarely palpable, soft, 2 elevations per heart beat, level of pulsations change with position and drops with inspriration Normal JVP - correct answer-6-8cmH20 Where do you feel for PMI? - correct answer-5th ICS slightly medial to MCV (if deviated to L or 2cm, abnormal) What are forceful cardiac contractions referred to as? - correct answer-Lifts, heaves What are vibrations of loud cardiac murmurs referred to as? - correct answer-Thrills What are yellowish plaques/skin lesions caused by the accumulation of fat macrophage immune cells? - correct answer-Xanthomas (increased risk coronary artery disease) Poor oxygen perfusion to distal tissues of hands and feet results in? - correct answer-Clubbing Poor oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues hands and feet? - correct answer-Cyanosis What does LLD position accentuate for heart sounds? - correct answer-Left-sided S3, S4, mitral murmurs (stenosis) What does leaning forward, exhaling completely and holding breath accentuate for heart sounds? - correct answer-Aortic murmurs (regurgitation) What does squatting/handgrip accentuate for heart sounds? - correct answer-Mitral valve prolapse (increased afterload and increased ventricular volume) What heart sound: closure of mitral and tricuspid valves, heard best at apex with the bell, immediately precedes carotid upstroke - correct answer-S1 What heart sound: closure of aortic and pulmonic valves, best heard at base (R and L 2nd ICS) with diaphragm, louder than S1 - correct answer-S2 Where and when (insp/exp) do you hear splitting of S2? - correct answer-Pulmonic area during peak inspiration What causes splitting of S2? - correct answer-Delayed closure of pulmonic valve; increased blood flow What causes S3 gallop? When does it occur? Where do you listen for it? - correct answer-Rapid ventricular filling. The third heart sound is caused by vibration of the ventricular walls, resulting from the first rapid filling so it is heard just after S2. The third heart sound is low in frequency and intensity. Sloshing sound. "Ken-tuck-ee". Occurs in early diastole. Associated dilated cardiomyopathy. Apex with bell in LLD. What extra heart sound may be physiologic in children and in pregnancy? When is it considered pathologic? - correct answer-S3; 40 pathologic What causes S4? When does it occur? Where do you listen for it? - correct answer-Atrial contraction. Atrial sound related to vibrations caused by atrial systole (caused by increased resistance to LV filling by atrial contraction). Increased atrial resistance. Occurs late diastole right before S1. Soft, low-pitched sound. Common in HTN patients. Apex with bell in LLD. What heart sound is physiologic in infants, small kids, and adults 50 years old? - correct answer-S4 Conditions with stiffened L ventricles (from conditions like HTN, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) would have what extra heart sound? - cor