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Philosophy Final Exam - Yates (JMU) questions correctly answered A+ GradePhilosophy Final Exam - Yates (JMU) questions correctly answered A+ GradePhilosophy Final Exam - Yates (JMU) questions correctly answered A+ GradePhilosophy Final Exam - Yates (JMU) questions correctly answered A+ GradePhiloso...

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  • December 8, 2024
  • 31
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Philosophy - Yates
  • Philosophy - Yates
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Willsmith22
Philosophy Final Exam -Yates (JMU) ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




1. Ferry - Quest for Salvation
,e ,e ,e ,e - philosophy is about more than 'Critical Re-
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




flection'
,e




- QuestforSalvation,buthebelievesthisNOTin a ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




religious sense
,e ,e




- Issue of 'Death' (mortality) ,e ,e ,e




- he had concerns about the Religious ap-
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




proach
,e




2. Nuance aslightorsubtledegreeofdifference(drawinga
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




distinction)
,e




3. Ferry -Three Orientations
,e ,e ,e 1. Theory
ofPhilosophy
,e ,e 2. Ethics
3. Salvation/Wisdom

4. Solomon - In pursuit of ,e ,e ,e ,e "philosophy does not pull us away from ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




thecontemplative life
,e ,e ,e ourlives;it clarifies them"
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




- philosophyis allabout cultivatingone side ofour ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




lives on the basis of questioning another
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




- intellectual strength ,e




5. Queen of the Sciences ,e ,e ,e many philosophers say that it is a science, in ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




fact, the "queen of the sciences", the womb ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




inwhichphysics,chemistry,mathematics,as-
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




tronomy, biology, and psychology began theirde
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




velopment before being born into their ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




owndistinguished worlds and separate
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




university departments
,e ,e




6. Philosophy in Greek ,e ,e Fromthe Greek(philein,sophia)isthe'loveofwis ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




as'philein' + 'sophia'
,e ,e ,e ,e dom' - it is an attitude of critical and sys- ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




tematicthoughtfulnessratherthanaparticulars
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




ubject matter ,e




7. Assumptions and Presup- ,e ,e we all have some opinions about God,
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




positions
,e aboutmortality and its principles, about the
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




nature of man and nature of the universe. but
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




be- cause we haven't questioned them, they
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




aremerely the assumptions of our
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




thinking.We
,e ,e




,e ,e

, Philosophy Final Exam -Yates (JMU) ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




believe many things without having thought ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




about them, merely assuming them, some-
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




times without evidence or good
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




reasons.whatthe study of philosophy does for
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




us is to makeour ideas explicit, to give us the
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




means to defend our presuppositions, and to
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




make al- ternative suppositions available to us
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




as well.
,e ,e




8. Criticism and Argument ,e ,e to be critical means to examine carefully and
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




cautiously,beingwilling,necessary,tochangeon ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




e'sown beliefs.itdoesnot need to be nastyor
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




destructive. there is "constructive
,e ,e ,e ,e




criticism"aswell.Andto"argue"doesnotmeanto
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




"havea fight"; an Argument is nothing less than ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




an attempt to justify our beliefs, to back them
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




upwith good reasons
,e ,e ,e ,e




9. Four approaches to
,e ,e 1. Definitions
doingphilosophy
,e ,e 2. Logic and Proof ,e ,e




3. Being Visionary ,e




4. Focusing on the Practical (the moral) ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




10. Socrates in the ,e ,e socrates was viewed in Athens by "the mock- ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




AncientAthenian
,e ,e ing view" and "the angry/offended view" which is
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




Context
,e what got him put on trial
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




Socrates was accused of corrupting the ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




11. SocratesonTrial:His'apolo- ,e ,e ,e ,e youthand not believing in/honoring the Gods
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




gy' for Philosophy
,e ,e ,e - 'imnotbeingconvictedforanythingIsaid/did.im
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




being convicted for refusing
,e ,e ,e ,e




to get on my knees and beg, say I was wrong'
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




- he knew there was no point of defending
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




himselfsohedefendedPhilosophy,puttingtheas
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




semblies mindset on trial ,e ,e ,e




- "you are wrong if you believe that by killing ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




peopleyouwillpreventanyonefromreproach-
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




ing you for not living in the right way"
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




- the really important thing is not living,
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




butliving well
,e ,e ,e




,e ,e

, Philosophy Final Exam -Yates (JMU) ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




12. 3 Features of
,e ,e 1. Concern for goodness/wisdom ,e ,e




Socrates'Viewpoint
,e ,e - "the effect of these investigations of mine, ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




gentlemen, has been to arouse against me a
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




great deal of hostility... This is due to the fact
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




thatwheneverIsucceedindisprovinganotherpe
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




rson's claim to wisdom in a give subject, ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




thebystandersassumethatIknoweverythingab
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




out that subject myself"
,e ,e ,e




2. Don'tletfearofdeathshapeactions/beliefs ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




- "I would much rather die after this kind of
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




defensethanlive aftermaking anotherkind..."
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




3. The Jury should account for themselves ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




- Socrates would stop prosecutors on the way ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




to court and start a 'casual'
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




conversation,questioning them about justice
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




and beliefs; wanted them to examine why they
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




think the way they do and ask for reasoning
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




13. PhilosophyHonors the ,e ,e ,e 'The Crito' Situation:Completing proposal...
,e ,e ,e ,e




"Laws' - "we must therefore examine whether we ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




should act in this way or not, as not only
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




nowbutatalltimesIamthekindofmanwholistens
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




only to the argument [case] that on reflection
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




seems best to me"
,e ,e ,e ,e




14. The Crito - 'Honoring
,e ,e ,e 1. Issue of Majority Opinion ,e ,e ,e




theLaw':
,e ,e 2. Issues of the nature of an Agreement ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




Two Main Issues ,e ,e withone's City and Laws
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




15. Plato -To live (and maybe Phaedo - the situation:in death, living up to
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




die)formorethanmereplea- beliefs
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




sures and - 'To be willing to die- as Socrates was- is to
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




opinions:Phaedo
,e haveaconsiderableadvantageoversomeonefo
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




r whom "life is everything" ,e ,e ,e ,e




- the point is not to give up what we have ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




learned or to turn against our culture. ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




Rather,the lesson to be learned from Socrates ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




is thatthinking about our lives and clarifying ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




ideals can turn them from a dreary series of ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




tasks ,e




,e ,e

, Philosophy Final Exam -Yates (JMU) ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




and distractions into a self-conscious adven-
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




ture, one worth even dying for certainly
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




worthliving for
,e ,e ,e




16. Plato -To live (and maybe
,e Republic - nuancing Knowledge v.Opinion
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




die)formorethanmereplea- Opinion:sees the partial
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




sures and ,eKnowledge:sees the broader whole ,e ,e ,e ,e




opinions:Republic
,e ,e




17. Tillich on Faith as ,e ,e ,e The Nature of an 'Ultimate Concern'
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




UltimateConcern (1950s)
,e ,e ,e - allpeoplehavebasicneedtotrustinMeaningfor
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




life
,e




- intensifies to ultimate concern of 'faith':Faithis ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




the state of being ultimately concerned
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




- God is the fundamental symbol for ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




ultimateconcern
,e ,e




- "God as the ultimate in man's ultimate con- ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




cern is more certain than any other
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




certainty,even that of oneself"
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




18. meaning of Ultimate ,e ,e - something worthy of devotion, fulfilling
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




- something not knowable via ordinary knowl- ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




edge
,e




19. The Natural Power of
,e ,e ,e - words, names, ceremonial things... ways ,e ,e ,e ,e




theSymbolic
,e ,e weexpress and experience our ultimate
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




concern
,e




- how ways of thinking can be 'symbolic' ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




andopen up new levels of reality
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




- religious faith and symbols ,e ,e ,e




- "one should never say 'only a symbol,' ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




butone should say 'not less than a symbol'"
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




20. God as ultimate concern
,e ,e ,e -Godas'symbol'inthis-thereligiousimagina-
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




tion in us ,e ,e




- God as Ultimate and Concrete (like in ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




Greekstatues of Apollo)
,e ,e ,e ,e




- Spiritual Intuition of God ,e ,e ,e




- The belief of God is now expanded to rep-,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e




resent the fact that one finds his or her life
,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e ,e





,e ,e

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