Biology 1201 Exam 2 Correct 100%

Biology 1201 Exam 2 Correct 100%
What is another name for cell to cell communication?
a. signal transition
b. signal transduction
c. signal translation
d. signal transference
e. all of the above - ANSWERb. signal transduction

Paracrine signaling is when:
a. signal molecules pass through gap junctions to neighboring cells
b. signal molecules pass through the bloodstream to other cells
c. signal molecules cause two separate cells to fuse
d. signal molecules pass from one cell to a nearby cell
e. all of the above - ANSWERd. signal molecules pass from one cell to a nearby cell

If something is "hormonal" or "endocrine" signalling, this means:
a. the signalling molecule is hydrophobic
b. the signalling molecule binds to a cell surface receptor
c. the signalling molecule passes through the bloodstream
d. the signalling molecule is a small organic molecule
e. the signalling molecule is a protein or peptide - ANSWERc. the signalling molecule
passes through the bloodstream

In most signal transduction pathways, what actually passes through the membrane?
a. cyclic AMP
b. GTP
c. small peptides
d. transcription factors
e. nothing but information - ANSWERe. nothing but information

What are GPCRs ?
a. G-protein coupled receptors
b. transmembrane proteins
c. cell surface receptors
d. common drug binding targets
e. all of the above - ANSWERe. all of the above

The goal of most signal transduction pathways is:
a. to stimulate a hormone
b. to increase metabolism
c. to form tissues
d. to turn a gene on or off
e. to stimulate the immune system - ANSWERd. to turn a gene on or off

What is the first thing an RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase) does after binding a
signaling molecule?
a. flip from one side of the membrane to the other
b. bind to a G-protein

, c. form a dimer in the membrane
d. turn on a gene
e. release ATP - ANSWERc. form a dimer in the membrane

Some signaling molecules do not need to bind to a cell surface receptor, they bind
an internal protein and go all the way to the nucleus themselves. These are almost
always:
a. steroid hormones
b. hydrophobic
c. lipids
d. membrane permeable
e. all of the above - ANSWERe. all of the above

One of the following is NOT a secondary messenger, which one?
a. cyclic AMP
b. calcium
c. IP3 (inositol 3 phosphate)
d. insulin peptide
e. all of these are secondary messengers - ANSWERd. insulin peptide

A signal transduction pathway = reception + transduction + response. What is a
common process in the transduction?
a. release of proteins from the membrane
b. turning a gene on or off
c. internalization of the receptor
d. a series of phosphorylations
e. all of the above - ANSWERd. a series of phosphorylations

Which of the following would be a primary messenger or primary signaling molecule?
a. intracellular calcium
b. a steroid hormone
c. cyclic ATP
d. cyclic AMP
e. a GPCR - ANSWERb. a steroid hormone

GPCR stands for
a. Guanidine phosphate coupling receptor
b. G-pls choose right
c. G-phosphate cell receptor
d. G-protein coupled receptor
e. GTP-protein coupling process - ANSWERd. G-protein coupled receptor


In a signal transduction pathway, what actually turns the genes on or off?
a. receptors
b. primary signal molecules
c. adenylate cyclase
d. GPCRs
e. transcription factors - ANSWERe. transcription factors