ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th Edition by Goolsby test bank is not a book but rather exam practice questions and answers. The test bank for ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th Edition by Goolsby...
Test Bank for Advanced Assessment: Interpreting Findings
and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary Jo
Goolsby, Laurie Grubbs Chapter 1 - 22 | Complete
,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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NR 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
NR 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic NR NR
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
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C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
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NR 3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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A. Chief complaint NR
B. History of the present illness NR NR NR NR
C. Current vital signs NR NR
D. All of the above are essential history components
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NR 4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must
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beable to:
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A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings NR NR NR NR NR
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings NR NR
NR 5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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A. Evidence-based investigations NR
B. Primary reports of research NR NR NR
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience NR NR NR NR NR
D. Published meta-analyses NR
NR 6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
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B. Clinical practice guidelines NR NR
C. Evidence-based research NR
D. All of the above NR NR NR
NR 7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above NR NR NR
,NR 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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NR 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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NR 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
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based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in sele
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ct situations, settings, and/orpatients?
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A. Clinical practice guideline
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B. Clinical decision rule
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C. Clinical algorithm NR
D. Clinical recommendation
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, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-
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Making: Overview
Answer Section
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MULTIPLE CHOICE NR
1. ANS: B N R
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired
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with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-
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making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D N R
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal an
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dnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rath
N
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er than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C N R
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the heal
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thhistory. N
R
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D N R
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between
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R
normal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associ
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ated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditi
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ons, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C N R
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published
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meta-
analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available fo
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r application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, alth
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ough these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to
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base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reason
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ingbe based on scientific evidence. Evidence-
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based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decis
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ion-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D N R
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and c
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linical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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