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LCAS Exam - Questions With Perfect Answers (Ace Your Exam Well)
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LCAS Exam - Questions With Perfect Answers (Ace Your Exam Well)
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LCAS Exam - Questions With Perfect Answers (Ace YourExam Well)
List the four main categories of downers or CNS depressants Right Ans - -
Opiates and opioids
-Sedative-hypnotics
-Alcohol
-Others
List the types of opiates and opioids Right Ans - Opium
Morphine
Codeine
Heroin
Oxycodone (Oxycontin)
Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
Methadone
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
Meperidine (Demerol)
Propoxyphene (Darvon)
Buprenorphine (Subutex and Suboxone)
List types of sedative-hypnotics Right Ans - -Benzodiazepines (Xanax,
Valium, Klonopin, Rohypnol)
-Z-hypnotics (Ambien)
-Barbiturates (Butalbital)
-Meprobamate (Miltown)
-Alcohol
-Others (antihistamines, skeletal muscle relaxants, look-alike sedatives, and
bromides)
What are the physical effects (small doses, excessive use, larger doses and in
combination, high dose and prolonged use) of downers/CNS depressants?
Right Ans - Small doses: slows heart rate and respiration, relaxes muscles,
decreases coordination, induces sleep, dulls the senses, diminishes pain
*opiates and opioids can also cause constipation, nausea, and pinpoint pupils
Excessive drinking or sedative-hypnotic use can: slur speech, cause digestive
problems
,Large doses of alcohol or sedative-hypnotic use or in combination with other
depressants can: cause dangerous respiratory depression and coma
High dose or prolonged use of any depressant can: cause sexual dysfunction
and tissue dependence
What are the mental/emotional effects of downers or CNS depressants?
Right Ans - Small doses: can act like stimulants because they lower inhibitions
Larger doses: relaxing and dulling the mind, diminishing anxiety, controlling
neuroses *certain downers can induce euphoria or a sense of well-being
Long-term use of any depressant: can cause psychological and physical
dependence
Describe what hallucinogens or psychedelics are and how many classifications
there are Right Ans - Substances that can distort perceptions and induce
illusions, delusions, or hallucinations
5 classifications
What are the classifications of hallucinogens? Right Ans - -Ergots/indoles:
LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, ayahuasca, and DMT
-Phenylalkylamines: peyote (mescaline), ibogaine, MDMA)
-Cannabinoids: marijuana and hashish
Others: ketamines, PCP, salvia, dextromethorphan, nutmeg, and Amanita
mushrooms
What are the physical effects of hallucinogens? Right Ans - Most cause
nausea and dizziness
Marijuana increases appetite and makes eyes bloodshot
LSD raises blood pressure and causes sweating
MDMA and even LSD act like stimulants
What are the mental/emotional effects of hallucinogens? Right Ans -
Distort sensory messages to and from the brainstem, particularly the five
senses are intensified or distorted (illusions)
,The brain can also trigger imaginary sensory messages (hallucinations) and
distorted thinking (delusions)
What are the stages of change? Right Ans - precontemplation,
contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
What does the CAGE stand for? Right Ans - C- cut down
A- annoyed
G- guilty
E- eye opener
What does THC stand for? Right Ans - delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
What does LSD stand for? Right Ans - lysergic acid diethylamide
What is hemp? Right Ans - The word used to describe Cannabis sativa
plants that are high in fiber content and generally low in psychoactive
components (marijuana is used to describe cannabis sativa high in
psychoactive components)
Morphine is how many times more powerful than opium? Right Ans - 10
times
What is the scientific name for heroin and what is its strength compared to
morphine? Right Ans - Diacetyl morphine - two to five times stronger than
morphine
What year was AA founded, and who founded it? Right Ans - Founded in
1934 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith
Sedatives are generally used to _________________________ while hypnotics are
mostly used to __________________ Right Ans - Calm anxiety; induce sleep
Name the five most common brand name benzodiazepines sedatives Right
Ans - Librium, Valium, Xanax, Klonopin, and Halcion
What is GHB? Right Ans - gamma hydroxybutyrate - a sedative originally
developed as an anesthetic -> began to be used as a sedative to induce
euphoria, also used as a date rape drug
, What is DXM? Right Ans - dextromethorphan - found in many non-
prescription cough and cold medications, can induce psychedelic effects when
used in large quantities (10 to 30x normal dose)
What are the brand names of hydrocodone? Right Ans - Vicodin, Lortab,
Norco, Anexsia, Hycodan, and Tylox
What is the generic name of Oxycontin? Right Ans - Oxycodone (time
release version of Percodan)
Why is hydrocodone the most widely used and abuse prescription opiate?
Right Ans - Causes less nausea but has the same pain-diminishing effect as
well as addictive potential as codeine. *Because it is often co-formulated with
acetaminophen, the abuse of the combination for the psychic effects of the
opioid can cause liver damage
What is the definition of a psychoactive drug? Right Ans - Any substance
that directly alters the normal functioning of the central nervous system (this
can be expanded to include any behaviors [e.g. gambling] that activate the
brain's alcohol and drug addiction pathways)
What is the trade name for Zoloft? Right Ans - Setraline
What is the chemical name for MDMA? Right Ans -
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
What are the most common CNS stimulants? Right Ans - Cocaine (freebase,
crack), amphetamines (Adderall, meth, crystal meth, speed), amphetamine
congeners (Ritalin, diet pills), plant stimulants (khat, betel nuts, ephedra,
yohimbe), caffeine, and nicotine
What are the physical effects of stimulants, from small doses to frequent use
of stronger stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines), to large amounts? Right
Ans - Small/Moderate dose: excessive stimulation of the central nervous
system, creating insomnia, energized muscles, increased heart rate and blood
pressure, and decreased appetite
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