ASCP TECHNOLOGIST IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BOARD EXAM PREP WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS
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ASCP TECHNOLOGIST IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Institution
ASCP TECHNOLOGIST IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
ASCP TECHNOLOGIST IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BOARD EXAM PREP WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONSASCP TECHNOLOGIST IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BOARD EXAM PREP WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONSASCP TECHNOLOGIST IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BOARD EXAM PREP WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS
How are nucleotides joined together? - ANSWER-Condensation to form...
ASCP TECHNOLOGIST IN MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY BOARD EXAM PREP WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS
How are nucleotides joined together? - ANSWER-Condensation to form phosphodiester
bond
Functions of mRNA - ANSWER-Carries genetic info out of nucleus
Transcript translated to protein
Functions of tRNA - ANSWER-Carries amino acid to ribosome
Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand
Functions of rRNA - ANSWER-part of ribosome structure
coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons
Feedback inhibition - ANSWER-Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor
Binds to allosteric site to slow down reaction because too much product
Exonucleases - ANSWER-Degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nucleotide
at a time
Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain
Endonucleases (Prok) - ANSWER-Restriction enzymes
Cleaves phosphodiester bonds within polynucleotide chain
Recognition site is palindromic sequence
ORI sites - ANSWER-nucleotide sequence where replication is initiated
topoisomerase I - ANSWER-Induces single strand breaks
Remove DNA supercoils during transcription and DNA replication; for strand breakage
during recombination; for chromosome condensation; and to disentangle intertwined
DNA during mitosis
topoisomerase II - ANSWER-cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes
another unbroken DNA helix through it, and then reanneals the cut strands
Gyrase - ANSWER-Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the replication fork
Helicase - ANSWER-Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork
Primase - ANSWER-DNA pol α (alpha)
,adds short segments of complementary
RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting points for replication
single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) - ANSWER-Binds ssDNA and prevents it
from re-annealing during transcription, replication, repair, and recombination
Reverse transcriptase - ANSWER-enzyme that transcribes RNA to cDNA (lacks introns)
RNA --> RNA:DNA --> cDNA (dsDNA)
Pleiotrophy - ANSWER-a single gene controls the expression of many phenotypic traits
ie Sickle Cell Anemia
cDNA - ANSWER-intron free complementary DNA
can be inserted into a plasmid
Vector - ANSWER-helps carry DNA into cell
ie plasmids, virus
Open Reading Frame (ORF) - ANSWER-sections of DNA that begin with start codons
and end with stop codons
DNA: 5' --> 3'
transcription: 3' --> 5' DNA --> RNA (promoter)
translation: 5' --> 3' mRNA
Okazaki fragments - ANSWER-Short fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol δ
(delta) using the lagging strand (3'->5') as a template
Ligase - ANSWER-Closes gaps in DNA
Catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 3'OH and 5'P
Steps in DNA replication - ANSWER-Initiate
Elongate
Terminate
Telomeres - ANSWER-Repeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chromosome,
protect chromosome from degradation
RNA polymerase - ANSWER-Transcribes DNA template to RNA (3'-->5'; anti-parallel)
Enhancers - ANSWER-Short regions of DNA that bind proteins (transcription factors)
that enhance transcription of a gene
Poly-A tail - ANSWER-Prevents mRNA from being degraded in cytoplasm
100-250 A's at 3' end
, 5' cap - ANSWER-5'-5' pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated G added to 5' end of a
mRNA
Protects against degradation and as a recognition signal for translation apparatus
aminoacyl tRNA - ANSWER-tRNAs that carry amino acids
Ribosomes - ANSWER-location that translation occurs
Catalyzes peptide bond between amino acid's
Path of a tRNA in a ribosome - ANSWER-Acceptor > Peptidyl > Exit
How is translation initiated? - ANSWER-small rRNA (40S) subunit binds mRNA and
scans for start codon (AUG)
Met-tRNA is brought to the P site
Large rRNA (60S) subunit binds
How is translation terminated? - ANSWER-Occurs when stop codon enters A site
Release factor recognizes stop codon, hydrolyzes ester bond with P site, releasing
amino acid chain
Wavelength that DNA and RNA absorb - ANSWER-260 nm
Wavelength that protein absorb - ANSWER-280 nm
How do you inactivate RNases? - ANSWER-200C for 2 hrs
30 min in 1M NaOH or quanidinum isothiocyanate
Hybridization - ANSWER-2 ssDNA molecules of complementary base sequence can
form a ds hybrid (duplex)
Blocking DNA (in Hybridization) - ANSWER-minimizes probe binding to nonspecific
sequence
ie salmon sperm DNA, Human LINE-1
Blocking Proteins (in Hybridization) - ANSWER-minimize nonspecific binding of probe to
membrane
ie casein (milk), Denhardt's sol
Stringency - ANSWER-conditions of hybridization that control the specificity of binding
of the probe to the target sequence
Formamide acts as a __________ in a hybridization. - ANSWER-denaturing agent
Line Probe Assay (LiPA) - ANSWER-reverse hybridization assay using sequence-
specific oligonucleotide probes (reverse SSOP)
multi-parameter testing --> single strip
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