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Bio 161 Exam 5 Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed!!!
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Bio 161 Exam 5 Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed!!!
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Bio 161 Exam 5 Questions And AnswersWith Verified Solutions Already
Passed!!!
Red bone marrow - ANSWER✔✔ produces blood cells
Skeletal System Functions - ANSWER✔✔ -Supports soft tissues and provides
attachment points for tendons of skeletal muscles
-Protects the most important internal organs
-Assists in movement by acting as levers for skeletal muscles
-Osseous tissue stores and releases minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus
-Red marrow within bones produces blood cells
-Yellow marrow within bones stores triglycerides, a source of potential energy
Yellow bone marrow - ANSWER✔✔ stores triglycerides, a source of potential
energy
Long bone - ANSWER✔✔ Geater length than width (humerus)
Short bone - ANSWER✔✔ Nearly equal length and width (trapezoid)
Flat bone - ANSWER✔✔ Thin (sternum)
Irregular bone - ANSWER✔✔ Complex shapes (vertebra)
Sesamoid bones - ANSWER✔✔ Shaped like sesame seed (patella)
Diaphysis - ANSWER✔✔ shaft of the bone
Medullary cavity - ANSWER✔✔ -inside shaft of the bone
-contains yellow bone marrow in adults
Epiphysis - ANSWER✔✔ -proximal and distal ends of bone
-contains red bone marrow
Metaphysis - ANSWER✔✔ join diaphysis and epiphysis with epiphyseal plate
,Endosteum - ANSWER✔✔ lines medullary cavity
Periosteum - ANSWER✔✔ lines the outside of bone (except joints)
Articular cartilage - ANSWER✔✔ hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones
where they cone together to form joints
Components of extracellular matrix - ANSWER✔✔ -water
-collagen fibers
-crystallized mineral salts of hydroxyapatities
Osteogenic - ANSWER✔✔ undifferentiated, give rise to osteoblasts by cell
division
Osteoblasts - ANSWER✔✔ bone-building by calcification
Osteocytes - ANSWER✔✔ maintain daily tissue activities
Osteoclasts - ANSWER✔✔ bone-destroying by resorption
Compact bone - ANSWER✔✔ Forms external layer of all bones and comprises
most of the diaphysis of long bones
Spongy bone - ANSWER✔✔ Forms interior of short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid
bones, most of epiphysis of long bones, and narrow rim around medullary cavity of
long bones
Compact bone structure - ANSWER✔✔ -Osteons form repeating structural units
aligned in same direction, with few spaces
-Central canal with blood and lymph vessels and nerves
-Concentric lamellae of extracellular matrix
-Lacunae between lamellae with osteocytes
-Canaliculi connect lacunae and central canal
-Interstitial lamellae between osteons
-Circumferential lamellae encircle bone
-Perforating canals penetrate transverse through osteons from periosteum
Concentric lamellae - ANSWER✔✔ -lamellae of extracellular matrix
, -form osteon
Interstitial lamellae - ANSWER✔✔ Lamellae between osteons
Canaliculi - ANSWER✔✔ connect lacunae and central canal
Perforating canals - ANSWER✔✔ canals that penetrate transverse through osteons
from periosteum
Circumferential lamellae - ANSWER✔✔ Lamellae that encircle bone
Spongy bone structure - ANSWER✔✔ -Trabeculae form irregular lattice of
lamellae extracellular matrix oriented in many directions
-Lacunae with osteocytes
Canaliculi connect lacunae
-Osteoblasts and osteoclasts under periosteum
-Spaces between trabeculae
-Filled with red bone marrow
-Site of blood cell production in adults (hemopoiesis)
Central canal - ANSWER✔✔ center of osteon that contain blood and lymph
vessels and nerves
Lacunae - ANSWER✔✔ between lamellae that contain osteocytes
Blood and Nerve Supply to Bones - ANSWER✔✔ -Highly vascular with blood
vessels passing into bones from periosteal artery
-Sensory nerves accompany blood vessels
- includes Nutrient foramen, Nutrient artery and vein, Metaphyseal artery and vein,
Epiphyseal artery and vein
Nutrient foramen - ANSWER✔✔ leads to perforating canal through periosteum
Nutrient artery and vein - ANSWER✔✔ diaphysis and parts of metaphysis
Ossification - ANSWER✔✔ -Initial formation of bones before birth
-Growth of bones until adult size reached
-Remodeling and repair of bones
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