Summary
Summary Bio-50A Exam 3 Study Guide - Bones/Skeletal
- Course
- BIO-50A
- Institution
- Riverside City College
This is a comprehensive and detailed study guide on Exam 3 with more emphasis made of bones,all for YOU!!
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Exam 3 Study GuideChapter 6
Skeletal Cartilage
Types of cartilage, locations, & functions
- Hyaline Cartilage: most common, sturdy support w/ some flexibility
● Articular Cartilage
- connects at ends
- minimizes friction at joints
● Costal Cartilage
- connects ribs to sternum
● Respiratory Cartilage
- supports trachea
● Nasal Cartilage
- supports external nose
- Elastic Cartilage: most flexible, tolerates repeated bending
● External ear
● Epiglottis
- covers the larynx when swallowing
- Fibrocartilage: can withstand heavy compression, pads & cushions
● Between vertebrae
● Behind knee
● Pubic Synapsis
Bone Shapes
Descriptions, structures, & examples
- Long Bones: longer than they are wide; composed mostly of compact bone
● Humerus
● Radius
● Ulna
● Phalanges
● Metacarpals
● Femur
1
, ● Tibia
● Metatarsals
● Fibula
- Short Bones: cube-like or sesamoid shape; contain mostly spongy bone
● Carpals
● Tarsals
● Patella
● Calcaneus
- Flat Bones: thin, usually curved; 2 wafer-like layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker
layer of spongy bone
● Skull
● Sternum
● Scapula
● Ribs
● Clavicle
- Irregular Bones: complicated shape
● Vertebra
● Illium
● Ischium
● Pubis
● Bones of Pelvic Girdle
Bone Functions
Description, structures & examples
- Fat Storage: in yellow bone marrow contained in the medullary cavity
- Hematopoiesis: blood cell production in red bone marrow (inside spongy bone)
- Mineral Storage: mainly calcium & phosphate
- Movement: muscles attached to bones, move various body parts & levers
- Protection: enclose the brain, spinal cord, etc.
- Support: the framework of the body
Gross Anatomy of Bone
Differentiate between the characteristics of spongy bone & compact bone
- Spongy Bone: “cancellous bone”
2
, ● No medullary cavity
● Honeycomb-like trabeculae
● Where red bone marrow is located
● Lines longer bones & fills in bulky areas
- Compact Bone: “cortical bone”
● Dense & smooth
● Defines exterior shapes of bones
● Central canal
● Volkmann’s canal
● Osteons
Define Terms
- Epiphyses
● The broad end of long bones
● Thin layer of compact bone that encloses spongy bone
● Is separated from diaphysis by the epiphyseal plate
● Surrounded by hyaline cartilage (articular cartilage) in place of periosteum
- Diaphysis
● Middle portion/shaft of long bone
● Thick layer of compact bone
● Medullary cavity
- Medullary Cavity
● Hollow middle of long bones
● Lined by endosteum
- Dipole
● Spongy bone
- Trabeculae
● Spiny parts of spongy bone
- Periosteum
● Outside membrane
● Coats surface except for joint surfaces & epiphyses
● Has fibrous outer layer (dense irregular connective tissue)
● Has an osteogenic inner layer (filled with osteogenic cells)
● Is connected by Sharpey’s fibers
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