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PSU Bio 161 Exam 2 CQ/PreWeek/WrapUp (Electrophysiology 2/ Action Potentials)
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PSU Bio 161 Exam 2 CQ/PreWeek/WrapUp (Electrophysiology 2/ Action Potentials)
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Bio 161- Penn State Exam 4 QuestionsAnd Answers With Verified Solutions
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Epiphysis - ANSWER✔✔ End of a long bone
Diaphysis - ANSWER✔✔ shaft of long bone
Periosteum - ANSWER✔✔ (outside)
-Contains fibrous & osteogenic layers
Endosteum - ANSWER✔✔ (inside)
-Lining of medullary cavity
-Contain osteogenic cells
articular cartilage - ANSWER✔✔ Covers joint to reduce friction
medullary cavity - ANSWER✔✔ Site of bone marrow production
ephiphyseal plate/line - ANSWER✔✔
Spongy (trabecular) bone - ANSWER✔✔ Many spaces for vessels and marrow
Compact bone - ANSWER✔✔ Very few spaces for vessels and marrow
Chondrocytes - ANSWER✔✔ cartilage cells
Osteon - ANSWER✔✔ contains central canal, Volkmann's canals, lacuna,
canaliculi, lamella layers
Collagen - ANSWER✔✔ Collagen is a connective tissue that consists of
chondrocytes (cells) that secrete collagen into a solid
matrix, but not mineralized matrix
Osseous tissue - ANSWER✔✔ consists of osteocytes (cells) that secrete
collagen in to a mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix
, Osteogenic - ANSWER✔✔ stem cell whose divisions produce osteoblasts
Osteoblasts - ANSWER✔✔ immature bone cells that secretes organic components
of matrix
Osteocytes - ANSWER✔✔ mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix
Osteoclast - ANSWER✔✔ multinucleate cell that secretes acids and enzymes to
dissolve bone matrix
Force and Force Lines - ANSWER✔✔ hormones and nutrition affect turnover
(remodeling) of the matrix
intramembranous ossification - ANSWER✔✔ Bone is formed from membranes
•Cranial bones
•Clavicles
Endochondral ossification - ANSWER✔✔ •Bone is formed from cartilage
•All other bones
Interstitial growth - ANSWER✔✔ Growth at epiphyseal plates is called interstitial
growth. It leads to increase bone length.
appositional growth - ANSWER✔✔ growth at the surface that allow our bones to
become thicker (or maintain thickness but increase in diameter)
Chondrocyte - ANSWER✔✔ regulated by several hormones including growth
hormone (GH)
Epiphyseal plate (layers) - ANSWER✔✔ located between epiphysis and diaphysis.
Resting-zone = toward the epiphysis, site of stem cells
Proliferating zone = massive chondrocyte division and
cartilage matrix production
Hypertrophic zone = chondrocytes enlarge and create large spaces in the matrix
and eventually die
Calcification zone = osteoblasts/osteoclasts inside medullary cavity replace
cartilage matrix with osseous matrix
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