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Chapter 18 Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics questions and answers
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Chapter 18 Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics questions and answers
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Chapter 18: Genomics,Bioinformatics, and
Proteomics questions and
answers
the Genome - answer the complete set of DNA in a
single cell of an organism
Genomics - answer the study of genomes
Genomics encompasses - answer -structural
genomics (genomic DNA)
-functional genomics (aka transcriptomics)
-comparative genomics (>1 genome)
-metagenomics (multiple genomes of a population
of different organisms)
Structural Genomics - answer (transcriptomics)
focuses on sequencing genomes and analyzing
them to identify genes and other important
sequences such as regulatory elements
What is the most widely used method? - answer
Whole genome shotgun sequencing
,Whole genome shotgun sequencing relative to
other methods - answer -less labor
-more sequencing
-harder to assemble
-decreased sequencing costs
-increased computing power
Whole genome shotgun sequencing method -
answer -entire genome is cut into short,
overlapping fragments using restriction enzymes
-overlapping fragments collectively form one
continuous DNA molecule w/ in a chromosome and
are called continuous fragments or contigs
Why were algorithm based software programs
developed? - answer for creating DNA sequencing
alignments where similar sequences of bases
(contigs) are lined up for comparison
Alignment - answer identifies overlapping
sequences, allowing reconstruction of their order
in a chromosome
, Error rates in DNA sequencing are caused by.. -
answer -DNA polymerases are not 100% faithful
(especially in vitro)
-proofreading is absent or reduced relative to in
vivo
-sequencing from highly repetitive regions can be
very hard to align w/ certainty
Bioinformatics - answer uses computer based
approaches to organize, share, and analyze data in
relation to gene structure, gene sequence and
expression, and protein structure and function
The most important applications of bioinformatics..
- answer -comparing DNA sequences
-identifying genes in genomic DNA sequences
-finding gene-regulatory regions (promotors and
enhancers)
-identifying structural sequences ie. telomeres
-predicting amino acid sequences
-identifying protein structure and function
-deducing evolutionary relationships b/w genes
and organisms based on organism sequence
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