TESTBANK b b b
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Test Bankfor Foundations of Mental Health Care
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8th Edition
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TESTBANK b
,b Michelle Morrison-Valfre: Foundations ofMental Health Care 8thEdition
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Chapter 01: TheHistory of MentalCare
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MULTIPLE CHOICE b
1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irrational
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soul could becompared with thebeliefofthemore recent psychological theorist:
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a. Freud
b. Pinel
c. Fisher
d. Rush
ANS: A b
Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside
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the personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in
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need of medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared forthe
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mentallyill,and Dr. Benjamin Rush was theauthor of the book Diseases ofthe Mind.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
b REF: p. 4 b b b b
OBJ: 2
b TOP: Early Years of Mental Health
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
b MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity b b b b b b b
2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately
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recordedbyprofessionals. Thispractice ledto
b b b b b b b for different abnormal b b
behaviors.
b
a. Classifications
b. Diagnosing
c. Treatment
d. Education
ANS: A b
Classification ofabnormal behaviorsdid not begin until this time,afterthe practiceofmore b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
accurate recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education
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regardingmental health disorders were not available duringthis period.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level:Knowledge
b REF: p. 5 b b b b
OBJ: 3
b TOP: Mental Illness Duringthe Renaissance
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
b MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity b b b b b b b
3. During the latter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of
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medicine,and inhumane treatment was greatlydiminishedbythe Frenchhospital director:
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a. Dix
b. Beers
c. Pinel
d. Carter
ANS: C b
, PhilippePinel advocated acceptanceofthementallyill,as well as propertreatment. DorotheaDix
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crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind That
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Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental Health in
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1978.
b
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level:Knowledge
b REF: p. 5 b b b b
OBJ: 4
b TOP: Mental Illness in the Eighteenth Century
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
b MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity b b b b b b b
4. In 1841,
b surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United b b b b b b b
States,Canada, andScotlandand iscredited with bringingabout public awarenessand reformforthe
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care of the mentallyill.
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a. SigmundFreud b
b. John Cade b
c. FlorenceNightingale b
d. DorotheaDix b
ANS: D b
DorotheaDix spent 20 years surveyingfacilities that housedmentallyill individualsand is b b b b b b b b b b b b b
credited with major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the
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concept of psychoanalysis, John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar
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disorder, and Florence Nightingale trained nurses in England in the1800s.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level:Knowledge
b REF: p. 6 b b b b
OBJ: 4
b TOP: Mental Illness inthe Nineteenth Century
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
b MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity b b b b b b b
5. As a direct result of CliffordN
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ook,MA Mind That Found Itself, the Committee for
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U Swith afocus onprevention ofmental illness and:
Mental Hygiene was formedin 1909
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b
b
b
b
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b
b
b
b
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b
b
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b
b
a. Earlydetection ofsymptoms ofmental illness b b b b b b
b. Educationofcaregivers b b
c. Currenttreatmentoptions b b
d. Removingthestigma attached to mental illness b b b b b b
ANS: D b
Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he received
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for the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness of people
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throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma ofhavingamental illness.
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Earlydetection ofsymptoms, education ofcaregivers, andcurrent treatment options regarding
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mental illness were not the focus of his book, nor were theya priorityfor the Committee for Mental
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Hygiene.
b
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level:Knowledge
b REF: p. 6 b b b b
OBJ: 4
b TOP: Mental Illness in the Twentieth Century
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
b MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity b b b b b b b
6. Duringthe 1930s, what common treatment forschizophrenia caused clients tofall into acomathat
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bcould last as long as 50 hours?b b b b b b
a. Electroconvulsivetherapy b
b. Insulintherapy b
c. Humoral therapy b
, d. Amphetaminetherapy b
ANS: B b
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s.
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Amphetamines were used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for
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severedepression. Humoral therapy,whichoriginatedinancient GreeceandRome,was abelief
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that mental illness resulted from an imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, andearth.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level:Knowledge
b REF: p. 8 b b b b
OBJ: 5
b TOP: Influences of War onMental HealthTherapies
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
b MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity b b b b b b b
7. In the1930s, what mental healthdisorderwas electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)most oftenused
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to treat?
b b
a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolardisorder b
c. Severedepression b
d. Violentbehavior b
ANS: C b
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period,
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schizophrenia was treated withinsulintherapy, and violent behavior was treatedwith alobotomy. In
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1949, lithium carbonatewas discovered as atreatment for bipolardisorder.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level:Knowledge
b REF: p. 6 b b b b
OBJ: 5
b TOP: Influences of War onMental HealthTherapies
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NssesRsmeI
KEY: Nursing Process Step: A nt GMSB
C:.C
ClienM
t Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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US N T b b b b O
8. In the earlytwentieth century, afrontal lobotomywas acommon treatment forviolent
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behaviors.Whichdescription ofthis procedureis accurate? b b b b b b b
a. Aprocedurethatdelivers anelectrical stimulus tothe frontal lobesofthe brain
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b. Asurgical procedure that drills holes inthe front ofthe skull todrain fluid
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c. Asurgical procedurethat severs the frontal lobes ofthebrain from the thalamus
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d. Asurgical procedurethat insertsimplants intothefrontallobes ofthe brain
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ANS: C b
Afrontal lobotomyisa surgical procedurein which thefrontal lobesofthe brain areseveredfrom the
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thalamus.
b
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level:Knowledge
b REF: p. 6 b b b b
OBJ: 5
b TOP: Influences of War on Mental HealthTherapies
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
b MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity b b b b b b b
9. Which class ofdrugs was introduced in the1930s forthetreatment ofdepression?
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a. SSRIs
b. Tricyclicantidepressants b
c. MAOIs
d. Amphetamines
ANS: D b
