NU606/ NU 606 EXAM 2 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GUIDE| QS & AS| GRADE A|
100% CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS) – REGIS
(NEW 2024/ 2025 UPDATE)
Which of the following would identify an open or compound fracture?
a. The skin and soft tissue are exposed at the fracture site.
b. A bone is crushed into many small pieces.
c. The bone appears bent with a partial fracture line.
d. One end of a bone is forced into an adjacent bone.
muscular dystrophy - ANS ✓group of hereditary diseases characterized by
degeneration of muscle and weakness
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - ANS ✓A human genetic disease caused by a
sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of
muscle tissue.
b. bursae - ANS ✓Fluid-filled sacs composed of synovial membrane located
between structures such as tendons and ligaments and act as additional cushions
are called:
a. articular capsules.
b. bursae.
c. synovial sacs.
d. hyaline chambers.
b. the separation of bones in the joint with a loss of contact. - ANS ✓A
dislocation is:
a. the tearing of a tendon in the joint.
b. the separation of bones in the joint with a loss of contact.
c. the twisting of a joint, causing excessive inflammation of the surrounding
tissue.
d. the overstressing of ligaments, causing loss of elasticity.
b. the mandible - ANS ✓Bones classified as "irregular" would include:
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a. skull bones.
b. the mandible.
c. wrist bones.
d. the femur.
a. The distal radius is broken. - ANS ✓Which of the following describes a
Colles' fracture?
a. The distal radius is broken.
b. The distal fibula is broken.
c. A vertebra appears crushed.
d. A spontaneous fracture occurs in weakened bone.
c. Cardiovascular disease - ANS ✓Paget's disease often leads to which of the
following?
a. A reduction in bone fractures
b. Decreased intracranial pressure
c. Cardiovascular disease
d. Disintegration of joint cartilage
Paget's disease - ANS ✓a bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the
excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation
c. is the structure into which granulation tissue grows - ANS ✓During the
fracture healing process, the hematoma:
a. is broken down and absorbed immediately.
b. provides the base for bone cells to produce new bone.
c. is the structure into which granulation tissue grows.
d. produces fibroblasts to lay down new cartilage.
d. deformity at the joint - ANS ✓What is a sign of a dislocation?
a. Crepitus
b. Pain and tenderness
c. Increased range of motion at a joint
d. Deformity at a joint
d. diarthroses - ANS ✓The most common type of joint, which are freely
movable, are called:
a. Synarthroses
b. Amphiarthroses
c. Anarthroses
d. Diarthroses
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a. ligament - ANS ✓A sprain is a tear in a:
a. ligament.
b. tendon.
c. skeletal muscle.
d. meniscus.
What is the term for Bone-resorbing cells - ANS ✓osteoclasts
What is the term for Mature bone cells - ANS ✓osteocytes
What is the Matrix comprised of? - ANS ✓collagen fibers and calcium
phosphate
What is lacunae? - ANS ✓small cavities that contain osteocytes
Which two hormones are osteoblast and osteoclast dependent on? - ANS
✓calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
What hormone stimulates osteoblasts? - ANS ✓Calcitonin
Where does calcitonin come from? - ANS ✓thyroid gland
What is the structure of compact bones? - ANS ✓Formed when many
HAVERSIAN CANALS are tightly packed, strong rigid outer covering
What is the structure of cancellous or spongy bone? - ANS ✓Formed interior
of bone, less dense, and lacks Haversian canals
made of plates of bone bordering cavities that contain marrow
What is the periosteum composed of? - ANS ✓a dense layer of vascular
connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.
What is the endosteum composed of? - ANS ✓osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and
connective tissue
In an adult, where is yellow (fatty) bone marrow produced? - ANS ✓long
bones
Where does stimulation of muscles happen? - ANS ✓myoneural junction
In an adult, where is red bone marrow produced? - ANS ✓cranium, bodies of
vertebrae, ribs, sternum and ilia
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