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Aphasia Exam 1 Questions And Answers | Guaranteed Pass
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Aphasia Exam 1 Questions And Answers| Guaranteed Pass
Frontal Lobe CORRECT ANSWERS functions: judgement, reasoning, foresight,
decision making, attention, affect, general intellect, philosophies, religion, politics, basic
personality & character. lesions can cause impaired judgment, reasoning, foresight,
decision making, and decrease in general intellectual capacitiesTx: help the patient with
skills of expression, comprehension, and communication.
angular gyrus CORRECT ANSWERS Location: junction of the parietal, occipital and
temporal lobes Function Word retrieval/word finding. Reading and writing (Writing and
reading are language activities lesions: Anomia: difficulty word finding/retrieval reading
and writing problems Tx applications:
1.) Tx for word retrieval (Finding) 2.) Tx for reading & writing
Prosopagnosia CORRECT ANSWERS difficulty recognizing familiar faces (family,
famous people, even self)
Tx- use pictures of family members & close friends
Counseling:• Explain problems to the pt & family; teach them to speak as they enter
room; maybe wear familiar clothing; show pt pictures of family
Heschl's gyrus (primary auditory cortex) CORRECT ANSWERS Location - Superior
Temporal Gyrus Stimuli
Functions- Receives and perceives auditory stimuli.
Lesions• Difficulty perceiving human speech and environmental sounds • Auditory
agnosia: Impaired ability to recognize sounds and words when heard, but may
recognize them through other modalities Tx need to repeat & cue use visual & tactile
cues to support auditory input
Wernicke's area (primary language association cortex) CORRECT ANSWERS
Location : Middle & inferior temporal gyri Functions Comprehension, Integration &
Formulation of language (speech, written and gestural language) - Comprehends sound
- Integrates sound and connects to senses and memory Lesions:
Difficulty comprehending language- Aphasia: a deficit in the ability to process symbolic
materials (auditory, visual & tactile) and (speaking, writing & gesturing) Tx: Be patient
Use normal volume Look at the patient as you speak - Say their name - Use simple
words in short sentences Clear statements (Rule of 5)use 5 letter words and five word
sentences
right hemisphere CORRECT ANSWERS Function attention Sensation & motor control
of left side of body
patial relationships Appreciation of art & architecture
Temporal orientation Music awareness & appreciation
Insight, intuition & imagination Processing prosody Pragmatics
,Forming a Gestalt (having a "sense" of the "whole picture")
Right hemisphere is used along with the left hemisphere when processing all language
lesions Difficulty with any or all of the above functions Self-focused Verbal - loquacious
(tending to talk a great deal; talkative.) Appear more normal than left hemisphere pts
because they are verbal Left side weakness Tx Right hemisphere damaged pts are
some of the most challenging pts; unusual & unexpected behaviors Pts may have
bilateral
hippocampus CORRECT ANSWERS Functions: Essential for immediate or working
memory
Effects of lesion: Decrease or loss of ability to remember recent experiences TxTeach
patient to tape record and/or write notes about daily experience.
amygdala CORRECT ANSWERS Location Lower region of temporal lobe; connects to
hippocampus Functions1. Receives sensory information 2. Provides emotional content
to memories 3. influence drive-related behaviors (e.g., motivation) & subjective feelings
(calmness, anxiety, fear) Lesions 1. Low emotional association with memories, which
can affect motivation2. Low ability to express emotions 3. Low ability to recognize
emotional facial expressions Tx Patients may have low motivation for treatment,
affecting their progress
components of cognition CORRECT ANSWERS the mental process by which
knowledge is acquired; thinking.
1. Arousal 2. Attention 3. Memory- immediate (working memory; about 1 minute), short
term (recent memory about 1 week), and long term (life time) 4. Orientation- ability to
understand self and relationship to self and environment 5. Sequencing- ability to order
a task from start to finish 6. Organization of Information 7. Reasoning-8. Judgement and
Problem Solving- defining a problem, predicting consequences, developing alternate
strategies, and evaluating results
Circle of Willis CORRECT ANSWERS located in center of brain, just above brain stem.
It functions as "safety valve" so that occlusion of any one artery below the Circle of
Willis will not totally deprive the brain of blood. Lesions to this area can cause partial to
total occlusion (e.g., arteriosclerosis) which can block blood flow to various areas of the
brain. Major arteries exiting the Circle of Willis include the Anterior Cerebral Artery
which supplies anterior portion of brain (frontal lobes), portions of parietal lobes, and
anterior of corpus callosum. Lesions decreased blood flow which can cause decreased
function of the frontal and parietal lobes, and can cause possible decrease of function of
the corpus callosum
effects of decreased blood flow through the middle cerebral artery CORRECT
ANSWERS associated with damage to the language areas of the brain. Cause of 3
most common...aphasia syndromes.Occlusion of the anterior branch of the MCA
ocauses Broca's aphasia (non-fluent aphasia). Broca's (near primary motor cortex for
the face, hand and arm) usually have right-sided hemiparesis or hemiplegia.Occlusion
of the posterior branch of the MCA often causes Wernickes aphasia (fluent aphasia) few
, patients with Wernickes aphasia are hemiparetic or hemiplegic.Occlusion of the main
trunk of the MCA usually causes global aphasia.Perisylvian region- in the left frontal
lobe plays an important part in speech, writing and gestures. Global aphasia is the most
severe type of aphasia. It is often seen right after someone has a stroke. With global
aphasia, the person has difficulty speaking and understanding words. In addition, the
person is unable to read or write.
What areas do each of the cerebral arteries supply with blood? CORRECT ANSWERS
The anterior cerebral artery supply blood to:
-Upper and anterior regions of the frontal lobes
-Some portions of Parietal lobes
-Corpus callosum (anterior)
The middle cerebral artery have fan-shaped distributions and supply: -Most of the lateral
surfaces of the brain hemispheres
-most of the parietal and temporal lobes
-posterior frontal lobe
-Thalamus -Basal ganglia
The posterior cerebral artery supply blood to:
-Occipital lobes
-Lower parts of (inferior) temporal lobes
*All of these arteries branch upwards from the circle of Willis
Discuss the information presented under the heading "Brain Function and Blood Flow"
and its overall conclusion CORRECT ANSWERS Whichever function of the brain is
being engaged receives a greater amount of blood flow (compromised of nutrients and
oxygen) in order to execute that function. Demanding tasks activate large cortical areas.
Brain works holistically not just locally
A rise in oxygen demand in the body is met by an increased blood flow for
metabolism.20-30% increase in frontal lobe w/subjects at rest, awake, with eyes closed
and no sound.Imagine a person is being asked to think a lot without presenting other
stimuli (visual, aural, tactile stimuli). "A close your eyes and think about... or imagine
when you are sleeping your brain is still active, there will be more activity in the
temporal lobe instead of the other lobes that are responsible for processing more
sensory information from the environment. Increase in blood flow to visual association
cortex when eyes are opened.When you are eyes are open and you are processing
visual stimuli you will have increased blood flow to support that function.
Define "aphasia" and include the typical site of lesion, the receptive and expressive
characteristics, and the diagnostic term you would use in a medical chart. CORRECT
ANSWERS a deficit in the ability to process symbolic materials which exists in all
stimulus modalities (auditory, visual, & tactile) and in all response modalities (speaking,
writing, & gesturing)
Wernicke's Area Site of Lesion: (Brodmann Area 22) CORRECT ANSWERS associated
with language comp/understanding (receptive language)
Characteristics (Receptive):
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