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HOSA FLASHCARDS *Q&A* (100% Correct) 2025/2026 |VERIFIED| $9.23
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HOSA FLASHCARDS *Q&A* (100% Correct) 2025/2026 |VERIFIED|

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HOSA FLASHCARDS *Q&A* (100% Correct) 2025/2026 |VERIFIED| What is the significance of a positive Babinski reflex in an adult patient during a neurological examination? It indicates potential damage to the corticospinal tract or an upper motor neuron lesion. Describe the mechanism by w...

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  • December 12, 2024
  • 13
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • hosa flashcards qa 100 correct v

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  • HOSA
  • HOSA

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HOSA FLASHCARDS *Q&A* (100%
Correct) 2025/2026 |VERIFIED|
What is the significance of a positive Babinski reflex in an adult patient during a neurological
examination?

It indicates potential damage to the corticospinal tract or an upper motor neuron lesion.



Describe the mechanism by which beta-blockers manage hypertension.

Beta-blockers reduce blood pressure by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, decreasing heart
rate, cardiac output, and renin release from the kidneys.



Explain how the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is utilized to assess a patient’s level of consciousness.

The GCS evaluates a patient’s response in three areas: eye-opening, verbal response, and motor
response, with a total score ranging from 3 (deep coma) to 15 (fully alert).



What does the term "anterograde amnesia" refer to, and what is a common cause?

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories after a traumatic event, often caused
by damage to the hippocampus or prolonged alcohol abuse (e.g., Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome).



How does the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) contribute to fluid balance and blood
pressure regulation?

The RAAS increases blood pressure by promoting vasoconstriction (via angiotensin II) and sodium
and water reabsorption (via aldosterone) in response to low blood pressure or blood volume.



What is the pathophysiological basis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

DKA occurs due to insulin deficiency, leading to increased lipolysis, elevated ketone body
production, metabolic acidosis, and hyperglycemia.



Describe the key difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Hemodialysis involves filtering blood through a machine, while peritoneal dialysis uses the
patient’s peritoneal membrane to exchange waste and electrolytes via a dialysis solution.

1

, In cancer staging, what does the "TNM" classification represent?

T stands for tumor size and extent, N indicates lymph node involvement, and M refers to the
presence of distant metastasis.



What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in treating gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD)?

PPIs irreversibly inhibit the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells, reducing stomach acid
production.



How does sickle cell anemia lead to vaso-occlusive crises?

Abnormally shaped sickled red blood cells block blood flow in small vessels, causing ischemia,
pain, and organ damage.



Explain the physiological basis of the “fight or flight” response initiated by the sympathetic nervous
system.

The sympathetic nervous system triggers adrenaline release, increasing heart rate, blood
pressure, and glucose levels to prepare the body for rapid action.



What is the clinical importance of measuring troponin levels in a patient presenting with chest pain?

Elevated troponin levels indicate myocardial injury or infarction and are critical in diagnosing
acute coronary syndromes.



Why is early administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) crucial in the treatment of ischemic
stroke?

tPA dissolves the clot obstructing blood flow to the brain, restoring perfusion and reducing
damage, but must be given within a specific time frame to minimize risk.



Explain the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS).

MS is an autoimmune disorder characterized by demyelination of CNS neurons, leading to
impaired nerve conduction and neurological symptoms.



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