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HOSA Nutrition Exam Review- Updated Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2025 Version

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HOSA Nutrition Exam Review- Updated Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2025 Version What is the role of the enterohepatic circulation in vitamin D metabolism? It recycles bile salts and vitamin D in the liver, aiding in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. How does the body maintain...

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  • December 12, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • hosa nutrition exam review updated question and

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HOSA Nutrition Exam Review- Updated
Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2025
Version
What is the role of the enterohepatic circulation in vitamin D metabolism?

It recycles bile salts and vitamin D in the liver, aiding in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.



How does the body maintain blood glucose levels during fasting or prolonged exercise?

Through the process of glycogenolysis, where stored glycogen is broken down into glucose.



What is the relationship between sodium and potassium in fluid balance regulation?

Sodium maintains extracellular fluid balance, while potassium helps regulate intracellular fluid,
working together to maintain cellular function.



How does dietary fiber impact blood cholesterol levels?

Soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the digestive system, helping to lower total blood cholesterol
levels.



What is the primary mechanism by which the body absorbs vitamin B12 in the small intestine?

Vitamin B12 is absorbed through the ileum via a receptor-mediated process involving intrinsic
factor.



What is the role of leptin in energy balance and appetite regulation?

Leptin signals the brain to reduce hunger and increase energy expenditure in response to
sufficient fat stores.



How does the gut microbiota influence nutrient metabolism?

The gut microbiota ferments dietary fibers, producing short-chain fatty acids that influence
energy metabolism and immune function.


1

,What is the biochemical process of transamination in amino acid metabolism?

Transamination transfers an amino group from an amino acid to a keto acid, facilitating the
synthesis of non-essential amino acids.



How do omega-3 fatty acids contribute to cardiovascular health?

Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation, lower triglyceride levels, and help prevent blood
clotting, thus improving heart health.



What is the role of the liver in regulating vitamin A storage and toxicity?

The liver stores vitamin A in its retinol form and regulates its release, preventing toxicity while
ensuring adequate levels for biological functions.



What is the difference between a complete and incomplete protein?

A complete protein contains all nine essential amino acids, while an incomplete protein lacks one
or more of these amino acids.



How does the body store excess glucose from carbohydrates?

The body stores excess glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use.



What is the role of bile in fat digestion?

Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them into smaller droplets to increase the surface area for
enzymatic action during digestion.



How does the body utilize vitamin E in protecting cells?

Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals.



What is the function of the gallbladder in digestion?

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, releasing it into the small intestine to aid in fat
digestion.


2

, What is the relationship between magnesium and calcium in bone health?

Magnesium helps regulate calcium levels in the body, contributing to proper bone mineralization
and strength.



How do probiotics affect the gastrointestinal system?

Probiotics help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria, supporting digestion and improving
immune function.



What is the role of insulin in the body's use of carbohydrates?

Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells for energy or storage.



What is the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults?

25-30 grams per day, depending on age and gender.



How do antioxidants protect against chronic diseases?

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, reducing the risk of chronic conditions like heart disease and
cancer by preventing cellular damage.



What is the primary source of energy for the brain?

Glucose



How does vitamin C support immune function?

Vitamin C enhances the production and function of white blood cells, which are crucial for
immune defense.



What is the role of cholesterol in the body?

Cholesterol is used to build cell membranes, produce hormones, and synthesize vitamin D.



How does the body maintain a balance between anabolism and catabolism?

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