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PSYC 100 final- queens-Questions and 100% Correct Verified Answers
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PSYC 100 final- queens-Questions and 100% Correct Verified Answers
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PSYC 100 final- queens-Questions and 100%Correct Verified Answers
coarticulation - ✔✔speech sounds for words are not produced individually
categorical perception - ✔✔The tendency of perceivers to disregard physical differences
between stimuli and perceive them as the same, such that a continuous change in a physical
attribute is perceived not as continuous, but as a discrete change at a category boundary.
written language - ✔✔a visual symbol imposed on top of an auditory symbol system
infant directed talk - ✔✔the distinctive mode of speech that adults adopt when talking to
babies and very young children
language development: crying - ✔✔0-2 months, only means of verbal communication
language development: cooing - ✔✔~2 months, starting to make speech like sounds like
drawn out vowels, smacking lips
language development: babbling - ✔✔~7 months, mixing consonants and vowel sounds like
"bababa"
language development: words - ✔✔10-15 months, infants acquire first words + language
gradually without any clear divisions between speech and non-speech, they're just sounds
confirmed by parent
language development: vocabulary spurt - ✔✔18 months, they know about 50 words, this is
a period of strong language growth in children, they can learn and use large number of words
,language development: telegraphic speech - ✔✔sounds like a telegram, only essential words
in pairs to make sense e.g. "I hungry", "more juice"
language development: 5-6 years - ✔✔full grammatical sentences, about 10,000 words, can
hold conversations
nativism - ✔✔Philosophical view that were born with knowledge already present
interactionist - ✔✔langue development results from interaction among multiple biological
and social influences
multilingualism - ✔✔societies in which two or more languages are in common use
grammer - ✔✔property emerging from complexity of growing vocabulary, not biologically
endowed universally: size of vocabulary correlates with complexity of grammatical
language is a social process - ✔✔humans are social creatures and our environment is based
on language and therefore helps language development
sensitive periods - ✔✔time periods when specific skills develop most easily
nicaraguan sign language - ✔✔improved language, deaf children were brought together and
put together a language of their own based on gestures they used to communicate, young
children who entered thereafter quickly mastered the sign language
Washoe - ✔✔The Chimp that was taught sign language by the Gardners
,Kanzi - ✔✔A bonobo who received linguistic attention and consequently developed a
remarkable ability to communicate using lexigrams and to understand spoken English.
differential approach - ✔✔a method of understanding behavior by focusing on individual
differences and abilities
factor analysis - ✔✔a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called
factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's
total score.
binet-simon test - ✔✔a mental age test that compared your score to the score of an average
child of that age, used to rank children
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) - ✔✔the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence
test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
stanford-binet scale - ✔✔lewis German introduced ratio intelligence quotient (IQ)
Deviation IQ - ✔✔a statistic obtained by dividing a person's test score by the average test
score of people in the same age group and then multiplying the quotient by 100
broca's aphasia - ✔✔a condition characterized by severe impairments In producing speech/
saying desired words (frontal lobe)
Wernicke's aphasia (fluent aphasia) - ✔✔is associated with problems producing and
understanding words that do not relate to grammar (temporal lobe)
phonetic reading - ✔✔reading by decoding the phonetic significance of letter strings; "sound
reading"
, whole-word reading - ✔✔reading by recognizing a word as a whole; "sight reading"
surface dyslexia - ✔✔people confuse the visual shapes of letters e.g. b is confused with d
phonological dyslexia - ✔✔people understand the word but can't sound it out
direct dyslexia - ✔✔individual can read words but they can't understand the meaning of the
words they're reading
nativist theory - ✔✔the ability to learn language is innate, based on genetic san support the
nature argument
behaviourist theory - ✔✔individuals learn langue through trial and error and teaching
through their environment
interactionist theory - ✔✔a combination of nativist and behavioural theories. it suggest that
language is a mixture of innate and environmental
Overgeneralization - ✔✔when an individual uses a broad concept or rule in language when it
is not appropriate
underextension - ✔✔when a child fails to include something in a category it should belong to
overextension - ✔✔occur when a child includes something that shouldn't belong in a
category
specific intelligence - ✔✔referred ti skills that applied directly to the problem being solved
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