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Test Bank for Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition (Rogers, 2023), Chapter 1-49 + NCLEX Case Studies with answers | All Chapters $19.99
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Test Bank for Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition (Rogers, 2023), Chapter 1-49 + NCLEX Case Studies with answers | All Chapters

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Test Bank - McCance and Huethers Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition (Rogers, 2023), Chapter 1-49 + NCLEX Case Studies with answers | All Chapters

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  • December 12, 2024
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  • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASEN
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TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
2024-2025

, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
hm hm hm




MULTIPLE CHOICE hm




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



a. Cells can produce proteins. hm c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. hm d. Cells can synthesize fats.
hm hm hm h m hm hm hm




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C hm



Reasoning:-
>>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellul
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



ar metabolic absorption.
hm hm




PTS: h m h m 1 REF: PG 2 h m hm




2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome h m h m




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C hm



Reasoning:-
>>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of R
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



NA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do n
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



ot contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm




PTS: h m h m 1 REF: PG 2 h m hm




3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
hm p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen t
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



o remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes h m




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B hm



Reasoning:-
>>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm h



mremove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escap
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



es from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
hm hm hm hm hm



protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted int
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



o the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. L
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



ysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nu
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



cleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm




PTS: h m h m 1 REF: PG 8 h m hm




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during ce
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



ll injury?
hm



a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum hm hm



b. Golgi complex hm d. Lysosomes
h m




ACCURATE ANSWER:-D hm

, Reasoning:-
>>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm h



menzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their leakage into the cytopla
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



smic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads t
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



o a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm




PTS: h m h m 1 REF: PGs 7-8 h m hm




5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancre
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



as cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to t
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



he ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cel
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



l membrane. hm



b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the l
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



ysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm h



membrane. m



c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A hm



Reasoning:-
>>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribos
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



ome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The ot
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



her options do not correctly describe this process.
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



PTS: h m h m 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5
h m hm hm hm hm




6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M h m




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B hm



Reasoning:-
>>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm




2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the comple
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



tion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuc
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



lear and cytoplasmic division.
hm hm hm




PTS: h m h m 1 REF: PG 37 h m hm




7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting a
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



s receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm h



active pumps?
m hm



a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates h m




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C hm

, Reasoning:-
>>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels for various electrically
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm h



mcharged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and mo
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



nosaccharides; and hm



(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain i
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



ons, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other io
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



ns, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular envi
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



ronment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm




PTS: h m h m 1 REF: PG 13 | PG 15 h m hm hm hm hm




8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therap
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



y for which human diseases?
hm hm hm hm



a. Cardiac and vascular disorders hm hm hm



b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders hm hm hm



c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders hm hm hm



d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders hm hm hm




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B hm



Reasoning:-
>>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing dr
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



ug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseas
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



es, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm h



do not correctly describe this process.
m hm hm hm hm hm




PTS: h m h m 1 REF: h mh m PG 15 hm




9. Which structure blocks water-
hm hm hm



soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm

membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains hm c. Membrane channel proteins hm hm



b. Glycoprotein channels hm d. Lipid bilayer
h m hm




ACCURATE ANSWER:-D hm



Reasoning:-
>>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma m
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



embrane. It is impermeable to most water-
hm hm hm hm hm hm



soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier t
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



o the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm h



readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
m hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm




PTS: h m h m 1 REF: PGs 12-13 h m hm




10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
hm hm hm hm



a. How a cell membrane functions hm hm hm hm



b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
hm hm hm hm hm hm



c. How tissue is differentiated hm hm hm



d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm




ACCURATE ANSWER:-A hm



Reasoning:-
>>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm



self-
sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining options
hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm hm

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