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BIO 252 EXAM1, 2024/2025 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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BIO 252 EXAM1, 2024/2025 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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BIO 252 EXAM1, 2024/2025 WITHCORRECT ANSWERS
autorhythmic cells - CORRECT ANSWERS- Non contractile cells
interconnected job is to set pace to cardiac cycle
Pacemaker cells
Have non stable resting membrane potential: in normal cell you
are resting membrane potential until stimulation but in these
there is a very slow influx of na+ due to membrane structure that
is going to begin to depolarize as soon as resting membrane
potential and hit threshold have ap then back to resting and
immediate into depolarizing
pulmonary circuit - CORRECT ANSWERS- The right side of the
heart receives deoxygenated blood from the tissues and pumps it
to the lungs through the pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit - CORRECT ANSWERS- Receives oxygenated
blood from the lungs and pumps it to the tissues via the systemic
circuit
Heart size and location - CORRECT ANSWERS- Size of a persons
fist located in the mediastinum between 2nd rib and 5th
intercostal space, apex sits on the diaphragm 2/3 of the mass is
left of center
Anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum
,Apex is inferior base of heart is superior where the vessels come
in
CPR and the heart - CORRECT ANSWERS- It is surrounded by two
solid structures (vertebral column and sternum, which is why you
can do CPR and be able to keep the blood pumping
Pericardium - CORRECT ANSWERS- Double walled serous
membrane
Contains 3 layers :
Fibrous layer- most superficial tough very heavy duty anchors
heart to vessels and diaphragm
Parietal layer of serous layer - outer
Visceral layer of serous layer ( which is the inner layer and is the
same as the epicardium which is also known as the outermost
layer of the heart wall)
Pericardial cavity is filled with serous fluid ( between two layers of
the membrane allows heart to move friction free)
Heart Wall - CORRECT ANSWERS- 3 layers
Epicardium - outer layer continuous with visceral pericardium
Myocardium- cardiac muscle, thick towards apex and thin towards
base because pumps are at the apex
Endocardium- continuous with endothelial lining of vessels this is
the innermost layer it lines all of the vessels and structures so
when platelets come in they are not activated
,Cardiac skeleton - CORRECT ANSWERS- Dense network of
connective tissue
Provides support for the flimsy valves weak spot of the heart
Anchor for cardiac muscle cells which are short and have to hook
together like a train
Insulation action potential can't go through tissues, really
important for the signal to go exact way we want the muscle to
go, atria contract top down ventricles contract bottom up only 1
signal directed very carefully
Cardiac muscle bundles : cells arranged around the bundles all
around are individual cells, provides anchor for cells so they have
something to contract against and create force
Heart chambers - CORRECT ANSWERS- Four chambers
Two atria/ receiving chambers/ superior chamber
Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and
inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins
Thin walled
Seen anteriorly as auricles (like flaps deflated balloons most
volume seen posteriorly
Separated by interatrial septum, very thin and plays a role in
signal travel
Two ventricles/pumps
Thicker walls= more prosperous all of the power in the heart
, Separated by thick interventricular septum which plays the
opposite role of interatrial septum
Walls contain traveculae carneae and papillary muscles ( huge
amount of muscular going on)
Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary
trunk
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into aorta (systemic
circuit)
Blood flow through the heart - CORRECT ANSWERS- Right Atrium
> Tricuspid Valve > Right Ventricle > Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
> Pulmonary Artery > Lungs > Pulmonary Vein > Left Atrium >
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve > Left Ventricle > Aortic Semilunar Valve
> Aorta > Body > Vena Cava
Heart valves - CORRECT ANSWERS- Four valves open and close
due solely to pressure changes in the ventricles
Two AV Valves:
Located at the atrioventricular junction
Right- tricuspid Left-bicuspid (mitral)
Attached to chordae tendinae
Two semilunar valves
Found at the base of the large arteries coming from the base of
the heart
Right-pulmonary Left- aortic
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