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The Human Body in Health and Illness: Chapter 21 Exam Questions With Verified Answers
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1 The Human Body in Health and Illness: Chapter 21 Exam Questions With Verified Answers What is immunology? - AnswersThe study of the immune system What is immunity? - AnswersThe human body's defense system What does the immune syste...

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  • December 13, 2024
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.




The Human Body in Health and Illness:
Chapter 21 Exam Questions With Verified
Answers


What is immunology? - Answers✔The study of the immune system

What is immunity? - Answers✔The human body's defense system

What does the immune system do? - Answers✔Protects the body from pathogens and from other
foreign agents including pollens, toxins, and cancer cells
The defense mechanisms of the immune system are classified as ____________ and
_____________. - Answers✔Nonspecific and specific immunity

What is nonspecific immunity? - Answers✔Protects the body against many different types of
foreign agents; body does not need to recognize the specific foreign agent

What is the first line of defense? - Answers✔Mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, and reflexes

What is the second line of defense? - Answers✔Phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, protective
proteins, and natural killer (NK) cells

Intact skin and mucous membranes are examples of what? - Answers✔Mechanical barriers

Tears, saliva, and perspiration are examples of what? - Answers✔Chemical barriers
What substance secreted by tears discourages the growth of pathogens on the surface of the eye?
- Answers✔Lysozyme

Sneezing and coughing are examples of what? - Answers✔Reflexes

What are leukocytes? - Answers✔White blood cells

What phagocytes are motile? - Answers✔Neutrophils and monocytes


1

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Phagocytes that are confined within a particular tissue are considered what? - Answers✔Fixed
Neutrophils and monocytes can squeeze through the tiny gaps between the endothelial calls of
the capillary walls and enter the tissue at the site of infection -- This process is called what? -
Answers✔Diapedesis

What are chemotaxis? - Answers✔Chemical signals that attract phagocytes

What does a phagocyte do? - Answers✔Engulfs, or eats particles or pathogens

What are macrophages? - Answers✔Big eaters that are fixed within a particular organ
What refers to the responses the body makes when confronted by an irritant? -
Answers✔Inflammation

If the irritant is caused by a pathogen, the inflammation is called what? - Answers✔Infection

What are the characteristics of inflammation? - Answers✔Redness, heat, swelling, and pain

What causes inflammation? - Answers✔Injured cells release histamine and other chemicals
which cause the blood vessels in the injured tissue to dilate

What is pus? - Answers✔Thick, yellowish accumulation of dead material

What are fibroblasts? - Answers✔Cells that form connective tissue

Fever is also known as what? - Answers✔Pyrexia

What are pyrogens? - Answers✔Fever-producing substances

What do pyrogens do? - Answers✔Stimulate the hypothalamus in the brain to reset the body's
temperature, producing a fever

What is beneficial about the elevation in temperature? - Answers✔A fever stimulates
phagocytosis and decreases the ability of certain pathogens to multiply

What are the two groups of protective proteins? - Answers✔Interferons and complement proteins

What do protective proteins do? - Answers✔Act nonspecifically to protect the body

What are interferons? - Answers✔A group of proteins secreted by cells infected by a virus

What do interferons do? - Answers✔Diffuse to surrounding cells where they prevent viral
replication

What do complement proteins do? - Answers✔Circulate the blood in their inactive form. Once
activated against a bacteria, they swarm over it

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