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The Human Body in Health and Illness Chapter 4 Exam Study Guide.
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1 The Human Body in Health and Illness Chapter 4 Exam Study Guide. Aerobic Catabolism - AnswersChemical reactions that break down complex substances into simpler substances in the presence of oxygen. Amino Acids - AnswersSmall nitroge...

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  • December 13, 2024
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

The Human Body in Health and Illness
Chapter 4 Exam Study Guide.



Aerobic Catabolism - Answers✔Chemical reactions that break down complex substances into
simpler substances in the presence of oxygen.

Amino Acids - Answers✔Small nitrogen-containing organic compounds; the building blocks of
protein.

Ammonia - Answers✔A nitrogenous compound(NH3); blood ammonia is converted to urea for
excretion by the kidneys.

Anabolism - Answers✔Metabolic reactions that build complex substances from simpler
substances.

Anaerobic Catabolism - Answers✔Chemical reactions that break down complex substances into
simpler substances without the presence of oxygen.

Base Pairing - Answers✔Pairing of the bases of the nucleotide; adenine and thymine(DNA),
guanine and cytosine, and adenine and uracil(RNA).

Base Sequencing - Answers✔Sequence of arrangement of the bases in a strand of DNA or RNA;
carrier of the genetic code.

Carbohydrates - Answers✔Organic compounds that include simple sugars, starches, and
glycogen; primary source of energy.

Catabolism - Answers✔Metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules; the
breakdown is accompanied by the release of energy.

Cholesterol - Answers✔A lipid and most abundant steroid in the body; used structurally in
plasma membranes and in the synthesis of steroid hormones and bile salts.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) - Answers✔Nucleotide that stores the genetic information of the
organism.

Disaccharides - Answers✔Double sugars; sucrose, maltose, lactose

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, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Fatty Acids - Answers✔An organic acid especially those found in fats and oils; building blocks
of fats.

Genetic Code - Answers✔The set of DNA and RNA sequences that determine the assembly of
amino acids in the synthesis of protein; biochemical basis of heredity.

Gluconeogenisis - Answers✔Biochemical process that makes glucose from nonglucose
substances, especially protein.

Glucose - Answers✔A monosaccharide, or simple sugar, that serves as the principle fuel for the
cells of the body.

Glycerol - Answers✔An alcohol that is a structural component of biological lipids.

Glycogen - Answers✔Polysaccharide that is the storage form of Glucose; also called animal
starch.

Glycolysis - Answers✔Anaerobic catabolism of glucose into lactic acid.

Lipids - Answers✔Organic molecules that include fats, oils, and steroids.

Metabolism - Answers✔All the chemical reactions that occur within the cells; consists of
anabolism and catabolism.

Monosaccharides - Answers✔A simple sugar consisting of hexoses or pentoses.

Peptide Bond - Answers✔Bond formed between to amino acids.

Polysaccharides - Answers✔Carbohydrate made of more than two simple sugars, such as
glycogen.

Proteins - Answers✔Large nitrogen-containing molecules composed of many amino acids.

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - Answers✔Nucleotide that copies or transcribe the genetic code from
DNA; also involved in translation.

Transcription - Answers✔The recognition of a segment of DNA by a mRNA in the nucleus.

Translation - Answers✔The recognition of mRNA by tRNA in the cytoplasm.

Urea - Answers✔Nitrogenous waste product formed by the liver and excreted by the kidneys.

Six-carbon Simple Sugars - Answers✔Glucose, fructose, galactose

Five-carbon Simple Sugars - Answers✔Ribose, deoxyribose

Starches - Answers✔The storage of polysaccharides in plants.

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