Summary
Chem 102 Chapter 13-18 Summary
- Course
- CHEM 102
- Institution
- San Diego State University
This is a comprehensive and detailed summary on Chapter 13-18.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Content preview
Chapter 13: CarbohydratesSummary:
- primary classes of biomolecules
- key roles in providing energy to living organisms
- structure, function, and classification of carbohydrates
Key Topics:
1. Monosaccharides:
○ Simple sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller carbohydrates.
○ Examples: Glucose, fructose, and galactose.
○ They can have either an aldehyde (aldose) or ketone (ketose) group.
○ Structural isomers like glucose and fructose.
2. Disaccharides:
○ Two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond.
○ Common examples include sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose +
galactose), and maltose (glucose + glucose).
○ Disaccharides can be hydrolyzed to form two monosaccharides.
3. Polysaccharides:
○ Long chains of monosaccharides linked together.
○ Starch and glycogen are storage polysaccharides, while cellulose serves
structural roles.
○ Polysaccharides are important for energy storage (starch in plants, glycogen in
animals).
4. Properties and Functions of Carbohydrates:
○ Serve as energy sources (glucose) and storage forms of energy (starch,
glycogen).
○ Structural roles (cellulose in plant cell walls).
○ Involvement in cellular recognition and communication (glycoproteins,
glycolipids).
Teaching Points:
● Emphasize the role of carbohydrates in metabolism and energy production (e.g.,
glycolysis and ATP generation).
● Discuss how carbohydrate structure influences its function (e.g., glucose’s solubility in
water vs. starch’s role in energy storage).
Chapter 14: Lipids
, Summary:
- essential class of biomolecules
- structures and functions of lipids, including fats, oils, and phospholipids
Key Topics:
1. Fatty Acids:
○ Long-chain carboxylic acids.
○ Saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids
contain one or more double bonds.
○ Essential fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6) are required in the diet.
2. Triglycerides (Fats and Oils):
○ Composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
○ Fats (solid at room temperature) typically contain saturated fatty acids, while oils
(liquid) contain unsaturated fatty acids.
3. Phospholipids:
○ Important for cell membrane structure.
○ Have hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) regions, allowing
them to form bilayers in aqueous environments.
4. Steroids:
○ Lipids with a four-ring structure.
○ Cholesterol is a key example, which is used to synthesize hormones like
estrogen and testosterone.
5. Functions of Lipids:
○ Energy storage (triglycerides).
○ Insulation and protection of organs (fat deposits).
○ Structural components of cell membranes (phospholipids, cholesterol).
○ Signaling molecules (steroid hormones).
Teaching Points:
● Discuss the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats, including their health
implications (e.g., unsaturated fats are healthier).
● Explain the significance of phospholipids in cell membrane structure and function.
● Mention the importance of cholesterol and steroid hormones in the body.
Chapter 15: Proteins
Summary:
Proteins are vital macromolecules made up of amino acids. This chapter explains the structure
and function of proteins, as well as their role in biological processes.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anyiamgeorge19. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
52928 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now