Class notes
NURS 4540 Chapter 7 Lecture Notes
- Course
- Nurs 4540
- Institution
- Sam Houston State University
This is a comprehensive and detailed lecture note on Chapter 7; sexually transmitted diseases and other infections.
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Chapter 7 – Sexually Transmitted & Other InfectionsPrevention
• Primary prevention
o Primary prevention the most effective way of reducing STIs in women
• Secondary prevention
o Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent personal complications and
transmission to others
HIV prevention strategies: Safe sex habits, contraception, frequent testing, PreP
medication
• Knowledge of partner
• Reduction of the number of partners
• Low-risk sex
• Avoiding exchange of body fluids
• Vaccination
Reproductive Coercion
• Not all women are in safe, healthy sexual relationship
• Non-judgmental attitude by nurses is especially important
• Physical barriers
o Condoms: male and female
• Chemical barriers
o Nonoxynol-9: Research now shows that N-9 lubricated condoms and
spermicides are NOT recommended for prevention of HIV & STI’s
• Communication
o Expressing feelings and fears
o Attention to partner’s response
o Nurses must suggest strategies to enhance a woman’s condom
negotiation and communication skills
• Vaccination
o Hep B
o HPV
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections
• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Most common and fastest spreading STI
• Infections often silent and highly destructive
• Difficult to diagnose
, • Sexually active women ages 15 to 24 years have the highest rates
of infection, with women ages 18 to 20 years having the highest
rates (CDC, 2017b)
• Screening and diagnosis
• Asymptomatic and pregnant women
• Comparisons of diagnostic procedures
• Management
• Doxycycline
• Azithromycin
• Gonorrhea
• Aerobic gram-negative diplococcus
• Oldest communicable disease in the United States
• Second to chlamydia in reported cases
• Women often asymptomatic
• Screening and diagnosis
• CDC recommends screening all women at risk
• All pregnant women should be screened: first trimester and 36
weeks gestation
• Management
• Antibiotic therapy: ceftriaxone & azithromycin dual therapy
• Concomitant treatment for chlamydia
• Perinatal complications of gonococcal infection
• Syphilis
• Caused by Treponema pallidum, a motile spirochete
• Complex disease that can lead to systemic problems and even death
• Infection manifests in distinct stages
• Primary: 5 to 90 days after exposure
• Secondary: 6 weeks to 6 months
• Tertiary: develops in one third of women infected
• Rates highest in women ages 20-24 years and in black
women
• 2 types of Serologic tests
• Nontreponemal screening tests
• VDRL
• RPR
• Treponemal diagnostic tests
• FTA-ABS
• TP-PA
• Management
• Penicillin G
• Sexual abstinence during treatment; follow-up with
medical provider
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
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