What is the trend in G16 for catenation
- S and Se have tendency to catenate
(to form chains of atoms of the same
element)
- Te is however too metallic to catenate
(i.e it lacks covalent component of bonding) to catenate.
What is the trend in metallic character in
G16
- As you go down G16, ...
G16 (Chalcogens)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dsbzlw
- S and Se have tendency to catenate
(to form chains of atoms of the same
element)
What is the trend in G16 for catenation
- Te is however too metallic to catenate
(i.e it lacks covalent component of bond-
ing) to catenate.
- As you go down G16, metallic character
increases going down the group.
What is the trend in metallic character in
- O and S are non-metals
G16
Se and Te are metalloids.
- Po is a metal
- O achieves lower max CN than other
G16 elements.
What is the trend of coordination num-
- Max CN is 3 this is because of a small O
bers
atom size combined with extremely high
electronegativity.
- In G16 O amongst elements form par-
ticularly strong Àbonds with themselves
What is the trend with the rise of al- and with each other.
lotropes? - This gives rise to allotropes and com-
pounds with multiple bonds i.e O2 and
O3 this is denied to heavier elements.
What is the influence of the inert pair
S is less oxidising than Se or Te
effect in G16?
Dioxygen O2 - Biradical with triplet
ground state therefore:
1. Reactive in gas phase
2. Colourless in liquid phase
What are the 2 natural allotropes of Oxy- 3. Pale blue colour in solid state
gen
Ozone O3
- Unstable, very strong oxidising agent.
Diamagnetic, bent structure, pale blue
even in gas phase
1/5
, G16 (Chalcogens)
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Give the MO diagrams of O2 and N2
1) The bond order in N2 is 3, in agree-
What does the MO diagrams of N2 say?
ment with valence bond structure: :NaN:
1) The bond order in O2, is 2 in agree-
ment with valence bond structure: O=O
2) However, from magnetic measure-
ments we know that Oz is paramagnetic,
What does the MO diagrams of O2 say? and has 2 unpaired electrons. Therefore
from the MO diagram the O2 is a birad-
ical which we aren't able to carry this
information from its valence bond struc-
ture.
- In N2 the HOMO = Ã(2 p) is Ãsymmetry
therefore given its geometry ·1 -end-on
coordination (in the direction of its mol-
ecular axis) is preferred in its transition
metal complexes.
- Therefore, electron density from the oc-
What does the MO diagram of N2 say cupied Ã(2p) orbital is donated to a vacant
about ligands with transition metals orbital on the metal (having symmetry
such as dz^2)
- The highest occupied orbitals in the
molecule of O2 are 2x doubly occupied
À(2p) orbitals and 2 x singly occupied À*(2
p)
orbitals.
- So, dioxygen-metal complexes can be
expected to have either ·1 -angular (left)
or ·2 -sideways configuration (right) of the
ligand.
2/5
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