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Summary Chapter 5 - Life-Span Human Development, 9th Edition
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Chapter 5 Life-Span Human Development, 9th Edition - Cengage
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Developmental psychologyChapter 5 Body, Brain, and Health
Celiac disease: An inherited digestive problem in which gluten (the proteins found in all wheat
products) triggers an immune response that damages a person's small intestine.
catch-up growth: A phenomenon in which children who have experienced growth deficits will
grow rapidly and catch up to the growth trajectory they are genetically
programmed to follow
The Endocrine System
,Endocrine system = hormonal system
How does the endocrine system support development?
Endocrine gland: A type of gland that secretes chemicals called hormones directly into the
bloodstream. Endocrine glands play critical roles in stimulating growth and
regulating bodily functions.
Pituitary gland: The "master gland" located at the base of the brain that regulates the other
endocrine glands and produces growth hormone. Is controlled by the
Hypothalamus.
Thyroid gland: For physical growth and development of the nervous system. A deficiency can
lead to intellectual deficits and slow growth. This hormone helps with
metabolism.
Testes: Secretes testosterone and androgens, stimulate the growth hormone and is
responsible for the development of male sex organs.
Ovaries: primary female hormone – estrogen stimulates the growth and development of
breast, female sex organs and secondary female characteristics like the
menstruation period. Another hormone called: progesterone (pregnancy
hormone) allows conception and supports pregnant, decline in menopause.
Adrenal glands: help one cope with stress, contribute to sexual attraction well before puberty
and relates to sexual orientation in adulthood.
, The brain and nervous system;
Nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord – the central and peripheral nervous system.
Neurons: The basic unit of the nervous system; a nerve cell. Is branching and bust and receive
signals from other neurons by synapses, neurons can stimulate or inhibit actions of other
neurons.
Axons is covered by fatty sheath (myelin)
How does myelination contribute to developmental changes that we can observe?
Myelination The depositing of a fatty sheath around neural axons that insulates them and
thereby speeds the transmission of neural impulses, has numerous implications for
developmental changes. Myelination of the brain helps language and vocabulary spurt, helps
children’s attention span and help adults to integrate thoughts and emotion, thus thinking
clearly about a situation
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