Biology H Evolutionary History Study Guide + Notes
6 views 0 purchase
Course
Biology
Institution
Freshman / 9th Grade
Explore the fascinating history of life on Earth with these comprehensive Unit 2: Evolutionary History notes! This guide covers essential topics such as the origins of life, evidence of evolution, and key evolutionary processes like endosymbiosis, speciation, and extinction. Detailed explanations o...
Unit 2: Evolutionary History
Terms and Definitions:
Prokaryotes: no nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes: has nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Eubacteria: a bacterium of a large group typically having simple cells with rigid cell walls and often
flagella for movement
Archaebacteria: microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but
radically different in molecular organization
Protista: a kingdom or large grouping that comprises mostly single-celled organisms such as the protozoa,
simple algae and fungi, slime molds, and (formerly) the bacteria
Fungi: any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter,
Plantae: the taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants
Animalia: that one of the basic groups of living things that comprises either all the animals or all the
multicellular animals
Biogeography: patterns of distribution of fossils and living species combined with information from
geology
Homologous structures: similar physical features in different species that share a common ancestor but
have different functions (ex: human leg and cat leg)
Vestigial structures: anatomical features or organs that have lost some or all of their original function over
time through evolution (ex: human tail bone)
Analogous structures: anatomical features that are similar in function but not in structure, and are not
shared by a common ancestor (ex: bird and insect wings)
Morphology: change in physical structure
Embryo: undeveloped offspring
Embryology: differences in an embryo and common ancestors
Common ancestor: an ancestor shared by organisms
Speciation: formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution
Cladogram: branching tree diagram showing when different traits evolved
Ancestral (shared) character: a character species share
Phylogenetic tree: tree that shows when different species evolved and how they are related
Geologic time scale: eras that Earth went through
Cyanobacteria: one of the earliest life forms (can photosynthesize), caused the Great Oxidation Event
where a lot of oxygen was released into the atmosphere
Chemosynthesis: producing food using chemical energy
Heterotroph: gets food from other organisms
Autotroph: makes own food
Protist: first eukaryotic organism (not an animal, land plant or fungi) - from the endosymbiotic theory
Endosymbiosis: a biological process where two organisms live together, with one organism living inside
the other (a theory that might prove that eukaryotic organisms evolved from prokaryotic organisms)
Extinction: loss of species
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anniemeng411. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
