Unlock the secrets of cell energy with these comprehensive and easy-to-understand notes! From the intricacies of aerobic and anaerobic respiration to the brilliance of photosynthesis, this guide breaks down complex concepts into digestible chunks. Master glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, and the elec...
Unit 4: Cell Energy
Terms and Definitions:
Aerobic: with oxygen
Anaerobic: without oxygen
Cellular Respiration: the process by which cells get their energy
Glycolysis: the first part of cellular respiration, splits glucose into smaller molecules
Kreb’s cycle: the second step of cellular respiration, further breaks down the carbon compounds
Electron transport chain: third and last step of cellular respiration, main creator of ATP from ATP
synthase, recycles electron carriers
ATP (adenosine triphosphate): a storage form for chemical energy
ADP (adenosine diphosphate): a part of ATP
Phosphate (Pi): a part of ATP
GDP (guanosine diphosphate): a derivative of ADP
GTP (guanosine triphosphate): a derivative of ATP
Cytoplasm: a liquid that makes up a large portion of a cell
Mitochondria outer membrane: the outermost part of the mitochondria
Mitochondria inner membrane: the secondary membrane inside the the mitochondria
Mitochondria intermembrane space: the space between the 2 membranes
Cristae: the curves in the mitochondria inner membrane
Mitochondrial matrix: space surrounded by the mitochondrial inner membrane
Glucose: a basic sugar molecule
Pyruvate: a molecule that comes from glucose
NAD+: electron acceptor
NADH: electron carrier
FAD: electron acceptor
FADH2: electron carrier
Hydrogen ions: positively charged hydrogen atom without an electron (electron acceptor)
Alcoholic fermentation: a form of anaerobic respiration that does not need oxygen
Lactic acid fermentation: a form of anaerobic respiration that does not need oxygen
Ethanol: an alcohol
Lactate: a chemical product released by the body when there is not enough oxygen
Photosynthesis: a process where plants make their own glucose
Light dependent reactions: a process in photosynthesis that turns sunlight into chemical energy
Light independent reactions: a process in photosynthesis where glucose is made
NADP+: electron acceptor for photosynthesis
NADPH: electron carrier for photosynthesis
Thylakoid inner membrane: the inner membrane of the thylakoid
Thylakoid outer membrane: the outermost membrane of the thylakoid
Thylakoid intermembrane space: the space between the 2 membranes
Stroma: liquid inside the thylakoid
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