Exam (elaborations)
NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology 2025 Final Exam LATEST
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- University Of Texas - Arlington
NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology 2025 Final Exam LATEST
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NURS 5315 Final h h1.A patient in respiratory distress and is breathing 33 breaths per minute.
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h Which ABG value is consistent with the clinical scenario?
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PCO2 15 h
pH 7.30
h
pH 7.45
h
O2 sat 100%: A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is hyperventilating
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h and blowing off CO2; therefore the PCO2 level will be low. The patient will most likely
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h experience a respiratory alkalosis and the two pH values provided are not consistent
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h with this diagnosis.
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2.A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and lethargic.
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h Which pathological process best explains this patient's symptoms?
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a. The action potential has become hyperpolarized.
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b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell.
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c. Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the neurons.
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d. The action potential has become hypopolarized.: b. The cause of neurologic
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h symptoms associated with a sodium imbalance is directly related to fluid shifting
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h into or out of the neurons of the brain. With a serum sodium of 115 mEq/L, water
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h shifts into the neurons and causes them to swell. Hypernatremia causes water to
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h shift out of the cell into the intravascular space and causes the neurons to become
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h dehydrated. An alteration in the action potential is not seen with sodium imbalances.
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3.A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which elec-
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h trolyte imbalance? h
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia: a. Serum osmolality is increased during times of dehydration. An h h h h h h h h h h
h elevated serum osmolality will pull potassium into the intravascular space from the
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h intracellular space and cause a rise in serum potassium.
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4.A married couple presents to your office for genetic counseling. The hus-
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h band has an autosomal recessive disease and his wife has a heterozygous
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h genotype for the disease. They ask you, What is the chance that our baby will
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h have the disease? Which of the following answers is correct?
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25%
50%
75%
100%: A chromosome is a package of material located inside the cell nucleus which
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h is made of proteins and a single molecule of DNA. There are 23 pairs of
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h chromosomes in each human cell for a total of 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are
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h separated into two identical sets during mitosis or meiosis. This provides a set
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of chromosomes to each daughter cell which results from cell division. This process is
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h responsible for the transfer of genetic information to the daughter cells. The first 22
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h pairs of chromosomes are known as autosomes. The 23rd pair of chromosomes is the
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h pair which contains the genetic information for gender. This pair contains
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the genetic information which delineates between the male and female genders.
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h Females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have an XY chromosome pair.
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h Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous. This means they do not carry
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h genetic information pertaining to gender. Autosomal genetic diseases are carried on
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h the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are only carried on
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the 23rd pair of chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes are nearly identical to
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h one another and are considered homologous to one another. Each autosomal
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h chromosome in a pair carries identical genes. These two genes are known as alleles.
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h The alleles occupy the same site on each partner of the chromosome pair and code
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h for the same genetic trait or physiologic function. Alleles can be dominant or
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h recessive. One allele may be dominant and the other recessive, or they both may be
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h dominant or both recessive. The dominant alleles' genetic code will always manifest
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h in the individual's phenotype. The information in the recessive allele is typically not
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h expressed in the phenotype unless both alleles are recessive. For the purpose of
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