NSG-3800 Exam 1 MedSurg II Exam 1 (Unit 1/2) PostQuiz
Questions With Complete Solutions
A 73-year-old man comes into the emergency department (ED)
by ambulance after slipping on a small carpet in his home. The
patient fell on his hip with a resultant fracture. He is alert and
oriented; his pupils are equal and reactive to light and
accommodation. His heart rate is elevated, he is anxious and
thirsty, a Foley catheter is placed, and 40 mL of urine is present.
What is the nurses most likely explanation for the low urine
output? Correct Answer a. The man is having a sympathetic
reaction, which has stimulated the reninangiotensinaldosterone
system that results in diminished urine output.
A client presents to the Emergency Department (ED) with a
diagnosis of Metabolic Acidosis. The nurse understands that
which of the following conditions can contribute to this
metabolic derangement. (Select all that apply.) Correct Answer
a. Excessive ingestion of Aspirin
b. Fever
c. Severe diarrhea
A gerontologic nurse is teaching students about the high
incidence and prevalence of dehydration in older adults. What
factors contribute to this phenomenon? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer a. Decreased kidney mass
b. Decreased renal blood flow
c. Decreased excretion of potassium
A medical nurse educator is reviewing a patients recent episode
of metabolic acidosis with members of the nursing staff. What
, should the educator describe about the role of the kidneys in
metabolic acidosis? Correct Answer a. The kidneys excrete
hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore
balance
A nurse in the neurologic ICU has orders to infuse a hypertonic
solution into a patient with increased intracranial pressure. This
solution will increase the number of dissolved particles in the
patients blood, creating pressure for fluids in the tissues to shift
into the capillaries and increase the blood volume. This process
is best described as which of the following? Correct Answer
a. Osmosis and osmolality
A nurse is caring for a client who just arrived to the Intensive
Care Unit (ICU). The client is mechanically ventilated and the
rate of respiration on the ventilator is set at 22. The nurse
understands that this client is at risk for which acid-base
derangement? Correct Answer a. Respiratory Alkalosis
A nurse is caring for a client who overdosed on diazepam. The
nurse is most concerned with which potential acid-base
imbalance? Correct Answer a. Respiratory Acidosis
A nurse is planning care for a nephrology patient with a new
nursing graduate. The nurse states, A patient in renal failure
partially loses the ability to regulate changes in pH. What is the
cause of this partial inability? Correct Answer a. The kidneys
regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH
A nurse is providing care for a client who is somnolent and
weak with a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. Which acid-base
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