1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
,1. Which neurotransmitter is primarily implicated in the
pathophysiology of schizophrenia?
A) Serotonin
B) Norepinephrine
C) Dopamine
D) GABA
Correct ANS: C) Dopamine
Rationale: Hyperactivity of dopaminergic pathways,
particularly in the mesolimbic system, is associated with positive
symptoms of schizophrenia.
2. The 'diathesis-stress model' explains mental disorders as the
result of:
A) Genetic predisposition alone
B) Environmental factors alone
C) A combination of genetic predisposition and environmental
stressors
D) Neurotransmitter imbalances solely
Correct ANS: C) A combination of genetic predisposition and
environmental stressors
, Rationale: This model posits that both inherited vulnerabilities
and life stressors contribute to the onset of mental disorders.
3. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) primarily
work by:
A) Increasing dopamine levels
B) Decreasing serotonin synthesis
C) Blocking serotonin receptors
D) Inhibiting the reabsorption of serotonin
Correct ANS: D) Inhibiting the reabsorption of serotonin
Rationale: SSRIs prevent the reuptake of serotonin at the
synaptic cleft, thereby increasing its availability in the brain.
, 5. What brain region is most commonly associated with the
regulation of mood and emotions?
A) Amygdala
B) Hippocampus
C) Cerebellum
D) Medulla oblongata
Correct ANS: A) Amygdala
Rationale: The amygdala plays a pivotal role in emotional
regulation, including fear and pleasure responses.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The main theory explaining the neurobiological basis of
depression is the _______________ hypothesis.
Correct ANS: Monoamine
Rationale: The monoamine hypothesis states that a deficiency
in key neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and
dopamine can lead to depression.
7. In frontotemporal dementia, the degeneration primarily affects
the _______________ and _______________ lobes.
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