1. sleep: essential to life
most adults need 7-9 h of sleep per night to promote optimal health
multiphase process
70 million experience sleep disorders in their lifetime
~ 60% of them have chronic problems
80% above 65 have sleep-related disturbances
DPT 6 Exam 4 (Shatnawi 2.0)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g831k0
1. sleep: essential to life
most adults need 7-9 h of sleep per night to promote optimal health
multiphase process
70 million experience sleep disorders in their lifetime
~ 60% of them have chronic problems
80% above 65 have sleep-related disturbances
2. is sleep a natural *mandatory cyclic* behavioral state with no awareness
and no arousal (reversible)?: yes
3. what *maintains the wakeful state of initiates arousal*?: the *reticular activat-
ing system (RAS)*
4. what are the two phases of normal sleep documented by EEG?: rapid eye
movement (REM)
non-REM (NREM)
5. non-REM (NREM): three stages: : initiated by withdrawal of NTs from the reticular
formation and by inhibition of arousal mechanisms in the cortex
6. what phase does sleep begin with?: the NREM phase
7. how many times does sleep pattern cycles?: 4 to 6 times during the night
8. how long does each sleep cycle last?: between 70 to 120 minutes
9. do REM periods increase or decrease in length?: increase
10. what are the stages of sleep?: stage W
N1 (stage I) (~5%)
N2 (stage 2) (~50%)
N3 (stage 3), slow wave sleep (SWS) (~20%)
REM (~20-25%)
11. stage W: wakefulness; beta waves, highest frequency
12. N1 (stage 1): light sleep: transition between wakefulness and sleep
slow eye movement, heart rate starts to slow down
, DPT 6 Exam 4 (Shatnawi 2.0)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g831k0
duration 1-5 minutes
13. in the N1 stage, there is a *progressive ________ of alpha waves and
_________ of theta waves*: loss, increase
14. N2 (stage 2): deeper sleep
slow eye movements, heart rate, and body temperature drop
*sleep spindles with high-amplitude K complexes*
25 minutes in the first cycle and lengthenns with each successive cycle
15. *when does bruxism (teeth grinding) occur*?: during N2 (stage 2)
16. sleep spindles: brief, powerful bursts of neuronal firing
*inducing calcium influx into cortical pyramidal cells*
integral to *synaptic plasticity*
17. K-complexes: long *delta waves* that last for approximately one second
the *longest* and most *distinct* of all brain waves
have been shown to function in *maintaining sleep* and *memory consolidation*
18. N3 (stage 3), slow wave sleep (SWS): the most difficult to awaken from, for
some people, loud noises (> 100 decibels) will not awaken them
if someone is awoken during this stage, they will have a transient phase of mental
fogginess known as sleep inertia, groggy
30 minutes to an hour
N3: sometimes divided into 3&4
19. what is the *deepest sleep stage which increasing delta waves*?: N3
20. what stage of sleep involves the body *repairs and tissues regrowth, builds
bone and muscle and strenghtens the immune system*?: N3
21. what stage of sleep does *sleepwalking, sleeptalking, night terrors, and
bedwetting occur*?: N3
22. what is REM referred to as?: paradoxical sleep (beta waves)
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