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, NAPSR EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
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CNPR, NAPSR EXAM WITH QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS.
Margin of safety - ANS the difference between the usual effective dose and the dose
that induces severe or life threatening side effects
Rights of drug administration - ANS right patient, right medication, right does, right route
of administration, and right time of delivery
Injection routes - ANS intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous, subcutaneous
intramuscular - ANS drugs given by direct injection into muscle tissue
intrathecal - ANS needle is inserted between to vertebrea in the lower spine an into
space around the spinal cord
intravenous - ANS injected directly into the veins
subcutaneous - ANS needle inserted into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin
Bioavailablility - ANS how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended target
site of action
Bioequivalent - ANS when drugs contain not only the same active ingredients but also
produce virtually the same blood levels over time
Therapeutic equivalence - ANS production of the same medicinal effects
Areas of drug elimination and excretion - ANS Lungs, breast milk, sweat tears urine
feces, bile, saliva, and exhaled air
medication error - ANS failure to administer drug in the correct form
Powders - ANS a drug that is dried and ground into fine particles
pills - ANS a single dose unit of medicine made by mixing the powdered drug with liquid
such as syrup and rolling it into a round or oval shape
granules - ANS a small pill usually accompanied usually accompanied by many others
encased within a gelatin capsule; quite often releasing medication over time
tablet - ANS pharmaceutical preparation made by compressing the powdered for of a
drug and bulk filling material under high pressure; commonly used for anti acids and
antiflatulents
,Capsules - ANS medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in an external
shell; can be pulled apart for access to contents
sustained release - ANS several doses of a drug in special coatings that dissolve at
different rates
Enteric Coating - ANS dosage in special coating that doesn't digest in the stomach; only
starts to digest in the intestines
caplets - ANS shaped like a capsule but has the form of a tablet the shape and file
make swallowing easier
gel caps - ANS an oil based medication that is enclosed in soft gelatin capsule
Emulsion - ANS two agents that cannot ordinarily be combined or mixed
otic drugs - ANS control localized infections or inflammation and require very low
dosages to be effective
Types of drug despensing - ANS OTC and prescription
Type A (Augmented) drug reaction - ANS exaggeration of the drug's therapeutic effects
Type B (idiosyncratic) - ANS results from mechanisms that are not currently understood;
largely unpredictable
Type C (continuing or chronic) - ANS These persist for a long time
Type D delayed - ANS these take some time to develop
Type E end of use - ANS These occur during drug withdrawal
Risk Factors - ANS Use of several drugs, age, Pregnancy and breast feeding
Excipients - ANS inactive ingredients
Parenteral - ANS intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous
Rectal - ANS suppository
Oral - ANS tablet, capsule, liquid
Transdermal - ANS through the skin via creams or patches
Binders - ANS cement the active and inert components of tablets
,Fillers - ANS used to make the drug sufficiently large for easy manufacture and
consumption
Glidants(flow enhancers) - ANS added to powdered materials used in pill production to
aid movement through tabletting machinery
suspending/dispersing agents - ANS maintain consistent concentration of the active
ingredients throughout the drug product
disintegrants - ANS help break up the tablets int the GI tract
Lubricants - ANS ease the release of the tablets from the dies that stamp them during
the manufacturing process
AUC - ANS represents the extent of the drug absorption or the quantity of the drug that
appears in the bloodstream following oral administration
Cmax - ANS peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve
First pass effect - ANS metabolizing process in the liver that suppresses the amount of
drug that eventually reaches the systemic circulation and the site of action
onset of action - ANS the time it takes for a drug to start having any intended affect after
it is administered
Protein Binding - ANS the ability of certain drugs to bind to plasma protein
QD - ANS once a day
QID - ANS four times a day
PRN - ANS take as needed
TID - ANS three times a day
Tmax - ANS time of peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve
BID - ANS twice a day
Authorized distributor - ANS any distributor of a prescription drug that has a written
agreement with the manufacturers of the prescription drug and conducts at least two
transactions with the manufacturer of the prescription drug within any 24-month period
Average whole price (AWP) - ANS published whole sale price or list price suggested by
the manufacturer
, Brokerage - ANS the combination of -drop ship and dock to dock delivery services
provided by wholesalers. Wholesalers do not bring the product into their warehouses
Buy-side margin - ANS refers to the early payment discounts and other earned or
negotiated rebates and discounts received by wholesalers from drug manufacturers;
increase in the value of wholesalers' inventories ad manufacturers' prices rise
chain drug store - ANS a company that owns and operates four or more pharmacies
dock to dock delivery - ANS wholesaler obtains the drugs to a dispenser own
warehouse without taking the drugs into its own inventory
drop shipment - ANS the drug manufacturer directly delivers the drugs to a dispenser
but the order and payments are made through a wholesaler
Float - ANS the time differential between when a wholesaler receives payment from its
customer and when the payment is due to its supplier
Group Purchasing Organization GPO - ANS an entity consisting of two or more
hospitals or other healthcare entities that is formed to offer its members access to
purchasing contracts for health supplies
In-state wholesaler - ANS wholesaler that distributes drug products in a state in which it
is physically located
independent drug store - ANS a company that owns and operates three or fewer
pharmacies
Integrated Delivery Network IDN - ANS a financial management structure that unites
hospitals, physicians ambulatory care site and managed care plans through ownership
or exclusive formal agreements to provide a system to deliver a continuum of healthcare
services
Mail order pharmacy - ANS a pharmacy that dispenses prescriptions to patients who
submit their prescriptions by mail or fax
manufacturer direct sale - ANS the type of sale that bypasses the need for any
intermediary distributor
mass merchandiser - ANS Department stores with a pharmacy
non-stock sales - ANS brokerage sales, dock to dock sales, drop shipments, and any
form of sale not placed in inventory
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