NR507- ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM / 60 + QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 2024/2025
GRADED A+ BEST FOR REVISION
!!!
2 /
11
1. Acute renal failure ANSWER Reversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output; this indicates that kidneys are functioning well
2...
NR507- ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM / 60 + QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 2024/2025
GRADED A+ BEST FOR REVISION
!!!
1/
11
, 1. Acute renal failure ANSWER Reversible
Determining prognosis- kidneys respond to diuretic with good output; this indicates that kidneys are functioning well
2. Acute Pyelonephritis ANSWER Diagnosing by clinical symptoms alone can be difficult; can be similar to
cystitis
Diagnosis established by ANSWER
-Urine culture
-Urinalysis (WBC casts indicates pyelonephritis, but may not always be present)
-Signs/Symptoms
-Complicated pyelonephritis requires blood cultures and urinary tract imaging
3. Renal Calculi (Renal Stones) ANSWER Goals of Treatment ANSWER
Manage acute pain Promote passage of
stone Reduce size of stone
Prevent new stone formation
4. Chronic Renal Failure ANSWER Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function
associated with systemic disease such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (most significant risk factor), systemic lupus
erythematosus or intrinsic kidney disease
CKD stage is determined by estimates of GFR and albuminuria
5. Who is a candidate for dialysis? ANSWER End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of CKD with the
number one cause being diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension. At this point, the patient is completely dependent on
dialysis to survive. CKD is classified into five stages and is based on the patient's GFR rather than symptoms.
Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present ANSWER
--Metabolic acidosis.
--Hyperkalemia ANSWER Hyperkalemia in the presence of EKG changes (peaked T-waves) is an indication for
dialysis. --Hyperkalemia by itself is not an indication for dialysis.
--Drug toxicity ANSWER Drug toxicity due to the following drugs is an indication for dialysis and include salicylates,
Lithium, Isopropanol, Methanol and Ethylene glycol).
--Fluid volume overload that is not responsive to diuretics.
--Uremic symptoms due to nitrogenous wastes in the blood stream.
6. Stage I CKD ANSWER There is kidney damage with normal or elevated GFR 90-120
7. Stage II CKD ANSWER There is kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR 60-89
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