Dive into the world of molecular biology with this comprehensive guide to the gene. From transcription and translation to gene regulation and the genetic code, this book covers it all. With detailed explanations and illustrations, you'll gain a deep understanding of the complex processes that gover...
, Science | Biochemistry I of V pages
1. mRNA carries the information encoded in the DNA to the ___ where it is ____ into proteins
cytoplasm; translated
2. tRNAs serve as ___ for AAs
carriers
3. rRNA is a major component of the protein synthesizing machinery, the ____
ribosome
4. All RNAs are synthesized by RNA polymerases in the ____. An exception to this is the small percentage of
nucleus; mitochondria
5. True or false? All three classes of RNA require processing of the initial product of transcription to yield a
true
note: processing occurs in nucleus
6. Bacteria contains about ____ genes and man perhaps ____ genes.
2000; 25000
7. What are the 5 steps in transcription?
location of the segment of DNA to be transcribed (formation of open-promoter complex)
synthesis of RNA
termination of synthesis
processing of the primary transcript
prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic
8. Upstream from the transcription start site are sequences of nucleotides called ____ sequences that signal
consensus; promoter
9. Binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region causes localized unwinding of the DNA template called
open
10. RNA polymerase is a huge protein, about _____ kDa
500,000
11. RNA synthesis, as with DNA synthesis, proceeds in what direction?
5 to 3
12. The RNA polymerase moves along the surface of the DNA in a processive manner. What does this mean?
it stays attached throughout synthesis and elongates the RNA transcript
13. For each of the following RNA polymerase subunits, give its role:BetaBetasigma
Beta: active enzyme siteBeta: important for binding to DNAsigma: required to recognize and bind to the
14. In regards to the promoter region, 10 residues upstream from the transcription start site is a region known
TATA; A; T
Biochemistry 2024/25 Edition
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