Pathophysiology D115 WGU Study Guide Exam 2024/2025
with Questions and Verified Rationalized Answers Guaranteed Pass
1. Turner Syndrome: A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromos
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ome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is del
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eted.
2. Tay-
Sachs disease: A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele that leads to the accu
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mulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and m
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ental performance usually become manifest a few months after birth.
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3. Down Syndrome: a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associ-
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v ated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
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4. Marfan Syndrome: autosomal dominant trait.. v v v v
a genetic disorder that changes the proteins that help make healthy connective tissue. T
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his leads to problems with the development of connective tissue, which supports the bo
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nes, muscles, organs, and tissues in your body.
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5. Marfans syndrome genetic trait type: Autosomal dominant. inherited in an autosomal p
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attern which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.
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6. What causes Marfan's syndrome?: Defects or deletions (pathogenic variants) of the fib
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rillin-1 (FBN1) gene have been shown to cause Marfans syndrome
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at least 25% of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene
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7. spina bifida: a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal ca
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,nal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
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8. What can cause Spina Bifida: Decreased folic acid or maternal use of valproic acid
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9. Turner syndrome characteristics: Underdeveloped ovaries (sterile) Short st
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ature (~ 4'7")
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Webbing of the neck Edema v v v v
Underdeveloped breasts; wide nipples High nu v v v v v
mber of aborted fetuses
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10. Diagnostic testing for Turner's syndrome: genetic testing , echo, bone densi-
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v ty, and bone age testing are necessary.
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11. Treatment of Turners syndrome: Treatment involves estrogen therapy and growth hor
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mone administration. Treat symptomatically for all other effects of the dz.
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12. Cushing's Syndrome: a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
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, 13. Cushing syndrome symptoms: fatty hump between shoulders, a rounded face(moon f
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aced), and pink or purple stretch marks on skin, thinning fragile skin, slow healing of cuts, ins
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ect bites and infections, acne, decreased libido, decreased fertility, irregular or absent mens
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trual periods, fatigue, muscle weakness, cognitive difficulties, and headaches.
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14. Viral hemorragic fevers: spread by contact with infected animals or insects. Most co
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mmon hosts are mosquitos, ticks, rodents, or bats.
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15. MRSA (methicillin- v
resistant Staphylococcus aureus): an infection caused by specific bacteria that has becom
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e resistant to many antibiotics
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16. B12 anemia: cobalamin deficiency, is a condition that develops when your body can't ma
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ke enough healthy red blood cells because it doesn't have enough vitamin B12. Your body ne
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eds vitamin B12 to make healthy red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. (pernicious a
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nemia)
17. Pernicious Anemia: a type of vitamin B12 anemia. An autoimmune condition in which t
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he body's immune system attacks the actual intrinsic factor (IF) protein or the cells in the lini
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ng of your stomach that make it.
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18. Folate (folic acid) deficiency anemia: - v v v v v
v Folate is an essential vitamin for RNA and DNA synthesis within maturing RBC
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- Absorption of folate occurs in the upper small intestine v v v v v v v v
- Is common in alcoholics and individuals with chronic malnourishment
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- Is associated with neural tube defects of the fetus
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Folate deficiency occurs when your body doesn't get enough folate. Symptoms include fatigu
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