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MLS 3316: FINAL Exam Questions And Answers 100% Verified. What are the three main categories of the flu? - Answers1) Seasonal flu 2) Pandemic flu 3) Bird flu What are the most important symptoms of seasonal flu? - AnswersFEVER cough sore throat & muscle aches Who is the most at risk of deat...

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  • December 23, 2024
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MLS 3316: FINAL Exam Questions And
Answers 100% Verified.


What are the three main categories of the flu? - Answers✔1) Seasonal flu
2) Pandemic flu
3) Bird flu
What are the most important symptoms of seasonal flu? - Answers✔FEVER
cough
sore throat & muscle aches
Who is the most at risk of death from the flu? - Answers✔Elderly (>65)
Immunocompromised
Very young (<2)
In the U.S. there are 30-50 million cases each year (90% >65 years old). As a result, there are
40,000 deaths.... why? - Answers✔Secondary bacterial infections
-community acquired pneumonia with S. aureus
-Haemophilus influenzae
In the influenza pandemic of 1918-19, 1/2 of the worlds population was infected. How many
deaths were there worldwide? - Answers✔40-60 million
List the 3 most important symptoms of the Spanish flu (influenza pandemic). -
Answers✔Extensive cell damage and hemorrhaging of lung tissue -> cytokine response


Skin turned black from lack of oxygen


Death by drowning - fluid build up in the lungs
Influenza is an orthomyxovirus which is... - Answers✔ssRNA virus


1

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What are the types of influenza? - Answers✔A, B, C
What are the two subtypes (surface glycoprotein spikes) that are seen in influenza? -
Answers✔Hemagglutinin (H or HA)
Neuraminidase (N or NA)
This helps with the attachment of the virus to the cell membrane. - Answers✔Hemagglutinin

Neuraminidase does what two things? - Answers✔Hydrolyzes mucus in the lungs, provides
access to pulmonary cell surface
Cleaves budding virus from infected cel.
How is influenza replicated? - Answers✔Transcription
-RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase (makes complementary +ssRNA and is supplied by the
virus)


Translation
-mRNA -> viral proteins
RNA dependent RNA transcriptase has _____ __________ __________. - Answers✔no
proofreading capability
Explain exonuclease function. - Answers✔Excise incorrect base and replace base

There are 15 known H subtypes of influenza, where are they all found? - Answers✔In birds
(natural reservoirs)
Which H subtypes do not infect humans and which do? - Answers✔H5 and H7 do not infect
humans
H1, H2, H3 infect humans
There are 9 known N subtypes, what are the ones we look for in humans? - Answers✔N1 and N2
What is an antigenic drift? - Answers✔Minor antigenic changes in HA and NA

Antigenic drift is caused by what? - Answers✔Random accumulation of point mutations
RNA transcriptase lacks proofreading capability
How often does an antigenic drift happen? - Answers✔2-3 years

What is an antigenic shift? - Answers✔Major antigenic changes.



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