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EXSC 330 - Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass | Graded A+
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EXSC 330 - Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass | Graded A+ ATP - (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work. potential energy extracted from food, energy stored in bonds of ATP -> outermost phosphate is released (uses ATPase) ADP forms when ___ joi...

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  • December 23, 2024
  • 37
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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EXSC 330 - Exam 1 Questions and

Answers 100% Pass | Graded A+


ATP - ✔✔(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for

most of their work.

potential energy extracted from food, energy stored in bonds of ATP ->

outermost phosphate is released (uses ATPase)

ADP forms when ___ joins with ____ - ✔✔ATP; H2O

Phosphocreatine (PCr) system - ✔✔anaerobic resynthesis of ATP, uses

creatine kinase (CK).

ADP is phosphorylated to ATP (high levels of ADP is favored)



~10 sec max yield

adenylate kinase - ✔✔assists in ATP regeneration



2 ADP -> ATP and AMP

cell store ____ more PCr than ATP - ✔✔4-6x

creatine - ✔✔___ may be phosphorylated back to PCr system

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©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

,byproducts of PCr hydrolysis and adenylate kinase reaction - ✔✔- Pi

(inorganic phosphate)

- AMP

- ADP

byproducts of PCr and adenylate kinase stimulate: - ✔✔-

glycogenolysis/glycolysis

- oxidative phosphorylation

glycolysis - ✔✔intermediate energy system, anaerobic

~ 90 sec

relies solely on carbohydrates (CHO)

glycolysis occurs in - ✔✔cytosol

glucose is cleaved into ____ in glycolysis - ✔✔2 pyruvate molecules, which

may convert to lactate

transport of glucose into the sarcoplasm for use in glycolysis is dependent

on _____ - ✔✔GLUT4 transporters



- responds to elevated insulin

- responds to physical activity INDEPENDENT of insulin

rate limiting enzymes in glycolysis - ✔✔- hexokinase


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©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

,- phosphofructokinase

- pyruvate kinase

pyruvate may be ____ to form lactate - ✔✔reduced



- lactate dehydrogenase drives this REVERSIBLE reaction

lactate accumulation (not production) signals onset of _____ -

✔✔anaerobic metabolism

lactate shuttle - ✔✔lactate produced in fast twitch muscle fibers can be

"Shuttled" to other fast/slow twitch fibers for conversion to pyruvate

when O2 becomes available,... - ✔✔pyruvate can be oxidized as an energy

source in these other cells

gluconeogenesis - ✔✔lactate is converted back to pyruvate and then to

glucose in the LIVER in the CORI cycle



- new glucose is available for use in muscle

oxidative phosphorylation - ✔✔comprised of Krebs (or TCA) cycle and the

electron transport chain. AEROBIC metabolism

- takes place in mitochondria




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©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

, P/O ratio - ✔✔ratio of phosphagen bonds formed to oxygen atoms

consumed

Process of oxidative phosphorylation - ✔✔passes electrons from oxidation

of a fuel source (CHO, fat, PRO) to NADH or FADH2, and finally to oxygen

to produce ATP



- slow but high ATP yield

proton pump - ✔✔used by oxidative phosphorylation, used to generate

gradient



- chemiosmotic coupling joins ADP and Pi

- 50% efficiency of ETC

Krebs Cycle - ✔✔continues oxidation of:

- CHO following glycolysis

- fatty acids following beta oxidation

- some amino acids following deamination

first step of Krebs cycle - ✔✔entry of Acetyl-CoA (which is formed from

pyruvate if following glycolysis). IRREVERSIBLE reaction




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©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

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