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Test 1 Study Guide

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This is a guide to test 1 which includes chapters 1-4

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  • December 24, 2024
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Lecture Test Study Guide:
CRANIUM
 Part of the skull that encloses the brain
 Forms the upper portion of the skull
 Made of 8 bones: Frontal, (2) Parietal, (2) Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, & Ethmoid
OTIC
 Ears
 Contains outer, middle, and inner parts
ORAL
 mouth
ORBIT
 Eyes
NASAL
 Nares (nose)


SUPERIOR
 Upward direction/towards the head
 Also called “cranial”
 Ex) The eyes are superior to the mouth
INFERIOR
 Downward direction/towards the feet
 Ex) The mouth is inferior to the nose
ANTERIOR
 Front
 Also called ventral
 Ex) The sternum is ventral/anterior to the vertebrae
POSTERIOR
 Back
 Also called dorsal
 Ex) The vertebrae are posterior to the sternum
MEDIAL
 Towards the middle
 Ex) The little finger is medial to the thumb

LATERAL
 Away from the middle
 Towards the side
 Ex) The little toe is lateral to the big toe


PROXIMAL

,  Used to describe limbs only
 Closer to the midline
 Elbow is proximal to the wrist
DISTAL
 Used in limbs only
 The ankle is distal to the knee
SUPERFICIAL
 Surface level/closer to the surface
 The skin is the most superficial part of the body
DEEP
 Away from the surface

SQUAMOUS
 Tissue made up by flat, scale-like cells
 Found in alveoli of lungs, blood vessels, heart, etc.
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
 Single layer cells that appear to be arranged in multiple layers because they are different
sizes and in different positions
SIMPLE
 Cells that are structurally and functionally similar (look alike)
STRATIFIED
 2+ layers of cells
 Mostly protective, the higher the # of layers, the more protective it is
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
 Multiple layers of column-shaped cells
 Rare tissue in the body
 Located in eye, pharynx, male urethra

HYALINE
 Most common cartilage found in the body
 Smooth, glassy
 Ends of bones in joints providing a surface for smooth movement
FIBROUS
 Made up of collagen fibers and fibroblasts (cells that are a key component of connective
tissue)
 Found in ligaments, tendons, skin (inner layer)
 Dense
ELASTIC
 Made up of elastic fibers
 Found in skin (dermis; allows it to stretch), organs (fills spaces between organs),
ligaments tendons

HEMA
 Blood

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